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玉米双胚遗传机制研究进展

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高产一直是玉米育种的研究热点，传统方式提高玉米产量已进入瓶颈期，玉米双胚这种特殊遗传现象可能为获得高产提供突破性方向。为了解双胚现象发生的遗传机制，本文归纳了包括玉米等多种作物双胚、多胚现象的前人研究，从多维度整合了相关的遗传表现、细胞学观察、生理生化特性、分子机制研究等内容。此外，本文总结了有关双胚的部分研究方法，为双胚性状的分子遗传机制及玉米高产育种研究提供可行性参考。通过前人研究，本文发现玉米双胚基因挖掘方面暂未有突破性进展，因此预测有关双胚现象的研究重点仍是影响双胚性状表达的关键遗传位点的定位与候选基因的挖掘，以进一步解析玉米双胚现象的分子网络机制，为指导玉米高产育种提供理论支撑。
Research Progress on Genetic Mechanism of Twin-embryo in Maize
High yield has always been a research hotspot in maize breeding,and the traditional way of improving maize yield has entered the bottleneck period.The special genetic phenomenon of maize twin-embryo may provide a breakthrough direction for obtaining high yield.In order to understand the genetic mechanism of the phenomenon of twin-embryo,this paper summarized the previous studies on the phenomenon of twin-embryo and polyembryony,including maize and other crops,and integrated the related genetic expression,cytological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics,molecular mechanism and other contents from multiple dimensions.In addition,this paper summarized some research methods of twin-embryo,to provide feasibility reference for the molecular genetic mechanism of twin-embryo traits and high-yield breeding in maize.Through previous studies,this paper found that there was no breakthrough in gene mining of twin-embryo in maize.Therefore,it is predicted that the focus of research on twin-embryo phenomenon is still the mapping of key genetic loci affecting the expression of twin-embryo traits and the mining of candidate genes,so as to further analyze the molecular network mechanism of twin-embryo phenomenon in maize and provide theoretical support for guiding maize breeding with high yield.

maizetwin-embryo phenomenonhigh yieldgenetic locitwin-embryo genemolecular mechanismhigh-yield breeding

高婧、秦梦凡、李坤、李武

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广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广州 510640

华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉 430070

玉米 双胚现象 高产 遗传位点 双胚基因 分子机制 高产育种

广州市重点研发专项2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目中国种子集团有限公司横向科技项目广东省农业科学院作物研究所"悬赏制"自由探索专项

202206010172粤财农[2022]184号ZWS-KYSR2022061粤农科作[2022]63号

2024

中国农学通报
中国农学会

中国农学通报

CSTPCD
影响因子：0.891
ISSN：1000-6850
年,卷(期)：2024.40(29)