摘要
冬小麦是中国主要的粮食作物之一,本研究旨在探讨豫北典型农田土壤和小麦籽粒中重金属的富集特征及其潜在风险,为小麦种植及籽粒安全质量提供科学依据.采集了豫北典型农田的土壤和小麦籽粒样本,测定了其中的铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍等元素的含量,并对重金属的污染及其生态风险进行评价.结果表明,土壤中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为11397.33、287.83、23.33、7.41、31.41、8.56 mg/kg;元素之间多数呈显著正相关关系;铜、锌、铬、镍单项污染评价和综合污染评价均为清洁无污染.小麦籽粒中重金属元素铁、锰、锌、铜、铬、镍平均含量分别为30.42、61.75、23.17、1.52、0.28、0.16mg/kg;少数元素之间呈显著正相关关系.铁、锌、铜含量低于小麦可耐受最高含量,锰含量高于小麦可耐受最高含量;铬元素综合污染评价为轻度污染,镍元素污染评价为清洁无污染.土壤—小麦系统中重金属之间存在协同或拮抗作用,小麦籽粒对土壤重金属的富集系数表现为锌＞锰＞铜＞镍＞铬＞铁.可得出结论豫北农田土壤重金属污染风险程度较低.
Abstract
Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China.The enrichment characteristics and potential risks of heavy metals were discussed to provide reference for rational planting of wheat and grain safety and quality.The contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni in soil and wheat grain samples collected from typical farmland in northern Henan were determined,and the pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated.The results showed that the average contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni in soil were 11397.33,287.83,23.33,7.41,31.41 and 8.56 mg/kg,respectively.Most of the elements showed a significant positive correlation;the single pollution evaluation and comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni were clean.The average contents of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr,Ni in wheat grains were 30.42,61.75,23.17,1.52,0.28 and 0.16 mg/kg,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between individual elements.The contents of Fe,Zn,Cu were lower than the maximum tolerable content of wheat,and the content of Mn was higher than the maximum tolerable content of wheat.The comprehensive pollution evaluation of Cr was mild pollution,and the pollution evaluation of Ni was clean.There was a synergistic or antagonistic effect between heavy metals in the soil-wheat system.The enrichment coefficient of wheat grain to soil heavy metals was Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Fe.The risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in northern Henan is low.
基金项目
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-3)
安阳市科技攻关计划(2023C01NY005)
维普
万方数据