Risk and Microbial Community Characteristics of Antibiotics in Soil of Solar Greenhouse with Pig Manure Application:A Case Study of Solar Greenhouse in Yongqing County,Hebei Province
In recent years,the facility planting industry has developed rapidly.Organic fertilizers derived from livestock and poultry manure have become widely used in facility planting.Animal manure is one of the primary sources of antibiotics in the soil of facility planting.These antibiotics can be absorbed by crops and transmitted through the food chain,ultimately posing a threat to human health.The study focused on the impact of antibiotic residues in pig manure organic fertilizer on the ecological risk and biodiversity of soil antibiotics in a solar greenhouse in Yongqing County,Hebei Province,a major vegetable planting county.By measuring the types and contents of antibiotics in pig manure and greenhouse soil,the ecological risk of various antibiotics was evaluated using the risk quotient method;the characteristics of the microbial community were determined using metagenomic methods,and the impact of antibiotic residues on soil microbial diversity was explored.The results showed that:(1)seven typical veterinary antibiotics were detected in pig manure and greenhouse soil samples,namely sulfamethoxazole(SM2),norfloxacin(NOR),Ciprofloxacin(CIP),Enrofloxacin(ENR),Tetracycline(TC),Oxytetracycline(OTC)and Chloramphenicol(CTC).(2)The concentrations of enrofloxacin and aureomycin in pig manure were the highest,with RQ values of 28.26 and 1.23,both greater than 1.0,indicating a high ecological risk.The highest concentrations of enrofloxacin,oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were observed in the soil of the greenhouse where pig manure was used,with RQ values ranged from 0.1 to 1.0,indicating moderate ecological risks.(3)The application of pig manure organic fertilizer had a certain impact on the microbial community structure in greenhouse soil,changing the abundance ranking of dominant microbial communities.Specially,the fourth dominant bacterial phylum in the soil treated with pig manure had changed from Archaea to Chloroflexi.Research had shown that applying pig manure led to an increase in the relative abundance of Nocardioides,bacteria capable of producing antibiotics,which reached more than twice that of the control group.
solar greenhouseantibioticspig manuresoilmicrobial community characteristicspoultry and livestock manure organic fertilizersantibiotic residuesecological riskmicrobial diversityNocardioides
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