为深入挖掘玉米籽粒容重的相关优势基因，以348份包含普通玉米、甜玉米、糯玉米、爆裂玉米等遗传多样性丰富的玉米自交系为关联群体进行全基因组关联分析(Genome-Wide Association Study，GWAS)，分别对2022年浙江东阳、2022和2023年海南乐东收获的自交系种子进行容重测定和全基因组关联分析，分析不同品种玉米籽粒容重性状差异，挖掘容重相关位点和控制容重的候选基因。结果表明:浙江东阳和海南乐东的玉米籽粒容重性状指标的频率分布呈单峰型曲线，符合正态分布。利用SNP标记全基因组关联分析，以阈值P＞8。7筛选出与玉米籽粒容重性状显著相关的SNP位点，2022年浙江东阳地区筛选出SNP位点146个，2022年海南乐东地区筛选出261个，2023年海南乐东地区筛选出705个，重叠SNP位点共67个，最终在相关SNP位点附近筛选出候选基因14个。其中，同时在浙江东阳(2022年)、海南乐东(2022和2023年)不同环境下均检测到的SNP S3_219692500位于Zm00001d044129(Shrunken2)基因区域，该基因为玉米甜度控制基因，即该基因突变后产生超甜玉米，籽粒皱缩，玉米容重下降。
A GWAS-based research on ketest weight in 348 maize germplasm resources
To explore the advantageous genes related to maize test weight,a total of 348 maize inbred lines containing common maize,sweet maize,waxy maize,and popcorn as linkage populations were taken for genome-wide association analyses(GWAS).Test weight measurements and whole genome association analyses were conducted on self-crossing line breeding seeds of Dongyang,Zhejiang in 2022 and Ledong,Hainan in 2022 and 2023 to explore the differences in test weight among different varieties of maize,and to identify test weight-related loci and candidate genes that control test weight.The results showed that:The identification of harvested seed test weight in different regions revealed that the frequency distribution plots of seed test weight trait indicators in the two regions showed a single peaked curve,which was consistent with a normal distribution.Using genome-wide association analysis of SNP markers,the SNP loci significantly associated with maize test weight tolerance traits were screened in the range of threshold P＞8.7.146 SNP loci were screened in the Dongyang region in 2022,261 loci were screened in the Ledong region in 2022,705 loci were screened in the Ledong region in 2023,and a total of 67 overlapping SNP loci were screened in the Ledong region.Finally,a total of 14 candidate genes were idendified.Meanwhile,the SNP S3_219692500 detected in Dongyang and Ledong was located in the Zm00001d044129(Shrunken 2)gene region,which is a corn sweetness control gene.The mutation of the gene produces super sweet corn,grain shrinkage and maize test weight decrease.
maizekernel test weightgenome-wide association analysiscandidate gene
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