为阐明化学反应因素对木质素催化还原转化制备液体燃料的影响机制,依据Web of Science和中国知网数据库,以"木质素""加氢脱氧"和"液体燃料"的中英文为关键词,检索2008-2024年发表的相关文献,将获得的56篇文献进行整理和归纳,总结了木质素高效催化转化制备液体燃料的关键影响因素.结果表明:1)木质素是自然界中唯一可大量获取含有苯环的可再生资源,在制备高附加值液体燃料方面具有巨大潜力,但木质素化学性质稳定且化学键较难断裂;木质素在高温、高压和酸性等反应条件下,反应中间体易发生缩聚反应,生成更加顽固的大分子聚合物;木质素降解转化所得产物的组分复杂,直接利用非常困难.2)均相催化剂对木质素催化转化具有较好的催化效果,但其不易回收限制了它的工业化应用.3)非均相催化剂因其具有易回收、高催化活性及高产物选择性,被应用于木质素催化还原转化制备液体燃料,具有较好的优势.4)其他反应过程因素(如溶剂、木质素结构、木质素的纯度和催化剂的添加量)影响木质素高效催化还原转化制备液体燃料.展望未来,开发新型的生物质预处理工艺及构建廉价的过渡金属-酸双功能催化剂将是该领域未来的研究重点.
Research progress on lignin catalytic reductive conversion into liquid fuels
To clarify the effects of chemical reaction factors on the lignin catalytic reductive conversion into liquid fuels,56 articles published from 2008 to 2024 were retrieved based on Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure by using both Chinese and English"lignin","liquid fuels",and"hydrodeoxygenation"as keywords.The key factors influencing the efficient catalytic conversion of lignin to liquid fuels are summarized.The results indicate that:1)Lignin is the only renewable resource containing benzene rings in nature,it has great potential in the preparation of high value-added liquid fuels.However,there are challenges currently exist in the catalytic conversion of lignin to liquid fuels,such as lignin is chemically stable and hard to be break bonds with complex and heterogeneous intrinsic structure.The intermediate products tend to condense under severe reaction conditions(e.g.,high temperature,acidity,and high pressure),resulting in the formation of the recalcitrant macromolecules.The complexities of the obtained products come from the conversion of lignin,and they are difficult to be utilized directly.2)It is concluded that the homogeneous catalyst has a good catalytic effect on catalytic conversion of lignin,but its difficult in recovery limits its industrial application.3)The heterogeneous catalyst has a good advantage in the preparation of liquid fuel by catalytic reductive conversion of lignin due to its easy recovery,high catalytic activity,and high product selectivity.4)The other reaction process factors such as solvent,lignin structure,lignin purity,and the amount of catalyst added affect the efficient catalytic reductive conversion of lignin to prepare liquid fuel.Looking into the future,this study proposes that the development of novel biomass pretreatment processes and the construction of cost-effective transition-metal acid of bifunctional catalysts will be key research priorities in this field.
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