Effects of Shoot Pruning in Autumn on Buds Differentiation and Endogenous Hormones of Vaccinium Spp.in Greenhouse
Flower bud differentiation is the basis of blueberry flowering and fruiting.Pruning shoots in autumn is one of important measures in greenhouse blueberry cultivation and management,which can effectively regulate flower bud differentiation,but its regulation mechanism is still unclear.To investigate the effect of shoot pruning in autumn on flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormone content in flower bud of blueberry in greenhouse,in autumn,the healthy and erect branches of 5-year-old'M7'blueberry trees were pruned in a sunlight greenhouse,and the unpruned treatment was used as control.On the basis of confirming the difference of flower bud differentiation of axillary buds of new shoots under 2 treatments,the contents of gibberellin(GA3),auxin(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA)and zeatin(ZT),and the ratio of IAA/ABA and ABA/ZT in the axillary buds of unpruned and pruned shoots were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with unpruned shoots(control),pruning significantly accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation of blueberry in greenhouse,and the number and percentage of flower buds were increased by 4 and 7 times,respectively,the diameter of flower bud increased by 78.26%.The content of GA3 in the upper buds of the pruned shoots decreased by 32.74%during the flowering induction period compared with that in the middle buds of the unpruned shoots,and then increased continuously during the floral organs primordium formation period,and significantly higher than the GA3 content in the upper and central bud in the unpruned shoots.The content of IAA in the upper buds of the pruned shoots was significantly higher than that in the middle buds of the unpruned shoots during flowering induction period,but significantly lower than that in the upper buds of the unpruned shoots,and significantly lower than that in the axillary buds of the middle buds of the unpruned shoots during the formation of the floral organs primordium.ABA was positively correlated with IAA during flowering induction of axillary buds in the upper buds of new shoots after pruning,and the ratio of ABA/ZT increased significantly at first and was significantly higher than that in the middle buds of unpruned shoots.The ratio of IAA/ABA was higher in the formation of floral primordium in the upper buds of pruned shoots than that in the middle buds of unpruned shoots.The shoot pruning in autumn could induce the flower bud differentiation and accelerate the flower bud differentiation of blueberry by decreasing the content of GA3 and ZT,increasing the content of IAA and maintaining high ratio of IAA/ABA.Above results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for exploring the mechanism of shoot pruning on the flower bud differentiation of blueberry.
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