玉米(Zea mays L.)是全球三大粮食作物之一,也是重要的饲料作物.分析玉米种质资源的农艺性状和遗传多样性对玉米育种和生产具有重要指导意义.以255份玉米种质构成的自然群体作为研究材料,利用10K SNP液相芯片进行全基因组扫描,获取基因分型;利用VCF2PCA Cluster和Mega11等软件进行表型聚类和遗传多样性分析.结果表明,检测到14 139个高质量SNP位点,分布于玉米10条染色体上;基因多态性的变化范围为0.05～0.50,均值为0.29;多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)的变化范围为0.04～0.38,均值为0.24;热带群体和温带群体的等位基因频率差异绝对值大于0.30的位点有104个;通过群体遗传结构分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,将255份供试材料划分为温带和热带2个主要亚群.研究结果确定了255份来自温带和热带玉米种质间的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为后续玉米种质资源改良和创新奠定基础.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of 255 Maize Germplasm Resources Based on 10K SNP Chip
Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the world's top three food crops and an important feed crop.Analyzing the agronomic phenotypic traits and genotypic genetic diversity of maize germplasm resources has important guiding significance for crop breeding and production.A natural population composed of 255 germplasm resources was used as the research material,and the genotyping was obtained by whole genome scanning using 10K SNP liquid chip.Phenotypic clustering and genetic diversity analysis were performed using VCF2PCA cluster and Mega11 software.The results showed that 14 139 high quality SNP sites were detected,which were distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize.The polymorphisms ranged from 0.05 to 0.50,with an average of 0.29.Polymorphism information content(PIC)varied from 0.04 to 0.38 with an average of 0.24.104 SNPs with allele frequency difference were more than 0.30 between tropical and temperate populations.Through population genetic structure analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,255 samples were mainly divided into temperate and tropical subgroups.These results identified the genetic diversity and relationships among 255 germplasm resources from temperate and tropical maize,laying the foundation for subsequent maize germplasm improvement and innovation.
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