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枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究

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授粉不足是导致枸杞落花落果的直接原因之一，为了解枸杞的生殖生物学特点，以'宁杞10号'为研究材料，测定其花期不同阶段的花部色态、柱头可授性和花粉活力等开花特性及泌蜜规律，并对其常见传粉昆虫的单次访花时长、柱头花粉沉降数等传粉特征进行分析。结果表明，在开花后12～24 h，花瓣颜色变为浅紫色和白紫色时，柱头可授性、花粉活力和泌蜜量均最高，相比其他几个阶段差异显著(P＜0。05)。常见传粉昆虫单次访花后的柱头花粉沉降数(螟蛾＞蜜蜂＞无垫蜂)与自然传粉相比差异显著，蜜蜂对紫色花的访花时长均值为4。1 s，与对黄色花的访花时长(均值为1。7 s)相比差异极显著(P＜0。01);从整体效率和传粉昆虫访问数量而言，建议引入传粉昆虫(如蜜蜂)以加强枸杞辅助授粉，提高枸杞的坐果结实率。研究结果为制定枸杞辅助授粉措施提供科学依据。
Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries
Insufficient pollination is one of the direct causes of flower and fruit drop in goji berries.Aiming to determine the flowering characteristics,'Ningqi 10'was taking as material to analyze flowering period,including flower color,stigma receptivity,pollen vitality,and nectar secretion at different stages.The study also analyzed the pollination characteristics of common pollinating insects,such as the duration of a single visit to flowers and the number of pollen deposition on the stigma.The results showed that during 12～24 h after flowering and the petal color changed to light purple and white purple,the stigma receptivity,pollen vitality,and nectar secretion were the highest,with significant differences(P＜0.05)compared to other stages.The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit(moths＞bees＞non cushioned bees)showed significant differences compared to natural pollination.The average duration of bees visiting purple flowers was 4.1 s,and the difference was extremely significant(P＜0.01)compared to the duration of bees visiting yellow flowers(average 1.7 s).The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit to flowers(moths＞bees＞non cushioned bees)showed significant differences compared to natural pollination.However,in terms of overall efficiency and the number of pollinating insect visits,it was recommended to introduce pollinating insects(such as bees)to enhance the assisted pollination of goji berries and improve the fruit setting and seed setting of'Ningqi 10'.The research results provided scientific basis for the development of assisted pollination measures for goji berries.

Ningxia goji berriesstigma receptivitypollen vitalityregularity of nectar secretionvisiting flower durationsingle pollination rate

万云星、闫自杨、姚军、郭立明、朱金忠、唐建宁、乔彩云、匡海鸥、龚雪阳、岳丹、赵文正

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云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明 650201

中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,北京 100091

宁夏林业调查规划院,银川 750010

宁夏杞鑫种业有限公司,宁夏中卫 755102

宁夏枸杞产业发展中心,银川 750000

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宁夏枸杞 柱头可授性 花粉活力 泌蜜规律 访花时长 单次传粉量

宁夏回族自治区林业调查规划院研究项目企校合作横向研究项目国家蜂产业技术体系建设项目国家重点研发计划项目

D6400000141009993-1KX142023058CARS-44-KXJ132022YFD1601907

2024

10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0198

中国农业科技导报
中国农村技术开发中心

中国农业科技导报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.252
ISSN：1008-0864
年,卷(期)：2024.26(9)