Advances in Trehalose Metabolism and Its Regulation of Insect Chitin Synthesis
Trehalose as a non-reducing disaccharide is widely found in bacteria,algae,fungi,plants,and invertebrates.Moreover,trehalose is regarded as ‘blood sugar’,since it is the primary carbohydrate substances in insects,which plays a key role in normal physiological processes,such as growth,development,moulting and so on.The trehalose in insects is synthesized by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphatase (TPP).Trehalase (TRE) can hydrolyze trehalose into glucose rapidly and provide energy when energy is needed.Chitin is the main component of insect epidermis,midgut peritrophic membrane and tracheal system.During developmental stages,insects need to shed old epidermis for forming new epidermis.This process has always been an important target for pest control.TRE is the first enzyme in the chitin biosynthesis pathway,which has significant functions of influencing the chitin metabolism by regulating chitin synthesis pathway.So how does trehalose metabolism regulate chitin synthesis pathways to control insect molt and chitin metabolism? With further research on the function of trehalose metabolism related genes over the world,these results showed that the providing of trehalose in insects plays a pivotal role in chitin synthesis.In addition,trehalase can be divided into soluble and membrane-bound types.The soluble TRE and TPS have multiple homologous genes in different insect species,indicating that the trehalose metabolic evolution of insects is diversified.Second,trehalose metabolism can regulate the chitin synthesis directly.Whether the low expression of TPS or TRE can break the supply balance of trehalose,resulting in chitin synthesis pathway blocked,especially the expression of chitin synthase gene decreased which lead to low chitin content,and further cause molting difficulties,developmental deformities,even death.Furthermore,trehalase inhibitors can inhibite the activities between soluble and membrane-bound TRE,resulting in a significant decrease in chitin synthesis pathway-related genes and chitinase gene expression,low chitin content and high proportion of death.These results indicate that once the supply balance of insect trehalose metabolism is broken,it will directly affect the chitin synthesis of insects which related to the process of molting and development.In this report,the research progress on trehalose metabolism and the regulation of chitin biosynthesis are introduced and summarized,in the desire to provide a theoretical basis for the development of green pesticides represented by trehalase inhibitor and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase pathway inhibitor aimed at pest control.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
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维普
