[背景]玉米(Zea mays)间作花生(Arachis hypogaea)(玉米||花生)地上、地下种间作用明显,间作产量优势突出,在缓解我国油粮争地矛盾中起到重要作用,但花生处于种间竞争劣势,成为限制间作优势进一步提高的瓶颈.[目的]探明提高玉米||花生体系中花生种间竞争的调控措施及其机理,为玉米||花生高产栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑.[方法]2021-2022年在河南科技大学试验农场,以玉米'郑单958'和花生'花育16'为供试材料,设种植方式、花生播种方式和施磷量3因素完全随机区组试验,即种植方式设花生单作和玉米||花生,花生播种方式设花生单粒播种和双粒播种,施磷量设0(P0)和180 kg P2O5·hm-2(P180);以花生双粒播种的玉米||花生体系为对照,研究花生单粒播种对间作花生相对玉米的种间竞争力、净光合速率、最大生长速率、干物质积累和分配及间作产量优势的影响.[结果]与花生双粒播种的强势株和弱势株相比,单粒播种显著提高了间作花生相对玉米的侵占力和拥挤系数,相对侵占力分别提高 29.72％-80.85％和 38.91％-87.07％,相对拥挤系数分别提高 76.59％-172.02％和 244.43％-308.70％.单粒播种间作花生的净光合速率显著高于双粒播种,最大生长速率明显高于双粒播种的强势株和弱势株,其生育后期的干物质显著提高、干物质向荚果的分配比例增加,提高了茎、叶干物质对荚果的贡献率.单粒播种间作花生的产量和间作优势高于双粒播种,其中产量高出18.84％-33.32％,差异显著.与不施磷相比,施磷显著提高间作花生净光合速率,增加最大生长速率、促进干物质积累,增加产量.[结论]花生单粒播种能提高间作花生产量和间作优势,关键在于单粒播种较双粒播种能增强间作花生种间竞争能力,显著提高净光合速率,促进干物质积累及其向荚果分配.施磷对单粒播种间作花生的生长发育具有促进作用.
Regulation of Single-Seed Sowing and Phosphorus Application on Interspecific Competition and Growth of Intercropping Peanut
[Background]Maize(Zea mays)intercropping with peanut(Arachis hypogaea)(maize||peanut)has outstanding interspecific effects between aboveground and underground,and the intercropping advantage in yield is prominent,which plays an important role in alleviating the conflict between oil and grain in our country.However,peanut is at the disadvantage of interspecific competition,which becomes the bottleneck restricting the further improvement of intercropping advantage.[Objective]The objective of this study is to explore the regulation measures and mechanism of enhancing peanut interspecific competition in maize||peanut system,and to provide theoretical basis and technical support for maize||peanut high-yield cultivation.[Method]Maize'Zhengdan 958'and peanut'Huayu 16'were used as test materials in the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2021 to 2022.A completely randomized block experiment with three factors:planting pattern,peanut sowing method and phosphorus application rate was set up.In other words,planting patterns were peanut monoculture and maize||peanut,peanut seeding methods were single-seed sowing and double-seed sowing,and phosphorus application rates were 0(Po)and 180 kg P2O5.hm-2(P180).Peanut double-seed sowing of maize||peanut was used as control,effects of peanut single-seed sowing on interspecific competitiveness of intercropping peanut over maize,net photosynthetic rate,maximum growth rate,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield advantage of intercropping were studied.[Result]Compared to the strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing peanut,single-seed sowing significantly increased the aggressivity and crowding coefficient of intercropping peanut over maize,the aggressivity increased by 29.72％-80.85％and 38.91％-87.07％,respectively,and the crowding coefficient increased by 76.59％-172.02％and 244.43％-308.70％,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate of intercropping peanut with single-seed sowing was significantly higher than that with double-seed sowing,and the maximum growth rate was significantly higher than that of strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing,respectively.The dry matter in the later growth period was significantly increased,dry matter distribution ratio to pod was increased,the contribution rate of stem and leaf dry matter to pod was improved,compared to the strong and weak plants with double-seed sowing peanut.The yield and advantage of intercropping with single seeding were higher than those with double seeding,and the yield was 18.84％-33.32％higher,the difference was significant.Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer,phosphorus application significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate and maximum growth rate of intercropping peanut,and promoted the dry matter accumulation and increased yield of intercropping peanut.[Conclusion]Peanut single-seed sowing can improve intercropping peanut yield and intercropping advantage,the key lies in the fact that single-seed sowing can enhance interspecific competitiveness of intercropping peanut compare with double-seed sowing,significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate,and promote the accumulation of dry matter and distribution to the pod.Phosphorus application promotes the growth and development of intercropping peanut under single-seed sowing.
maize||peanutinterspecific competitionstrong plant and weak plantmaximum growth rateyieldsingle-seed sowingphosphorus fertilizer
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
维普
