Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of Maize ACO Gene Family
[Objective]The objective of this study is to perform the genome-wide identification of the maize ACO(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase)gene family,analyze its expression patterns in different organs and developmental stages of maize,as well as in response to exogenous hormones and pathogen infection,and to lay the foundation for clarifying the function of the maize ACO gene family.[Method]Using bioinformatics methods,the ACO was identified in the genome of maize B73 inbred line,and its gene structure,protein physicochemical properties,phylogenetic relationships among family members,and conserved motifs were analyzed.The expression patterns of the ZmACO gene family were analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)technology.[Result]Except for ZmACO11,all members of the ZmACO family have Fe2+ binding sites and substrate ascorbic acid binding sites.The phylogenetic tree showed that ZmACO2 and ScACO are in the same branch and have a close genetic relationship,with a Bootstrap value of 98.The gene expression analysis indicated that ZmACO2,5,9,15,20 and 35 were actively expressed at various developmental stages and exhibited dominant expression in leaves,so the six genes mentioned above were selected for the next step of testing.Spraying ethephon resulted in fluctuations in the expression of all six genes mentioned above,the expression level of ZmACO2 was significantly affected,with a variation multiple of about 8 times.The expression levels of these six genes fluctuated within 0-24 h of ethephon treatment.But after 24 h of treatment,all gene expression levels were close to 0.After salicylic acid treatment,the expression level of ZmACO5 was significantly affected,with a variation multiple of about 2 times.The expression levels of other genes were close to 0 at 24 h after treatment.The expression levels of ZmACO9,35 fluctuated between 3 to 12 h,and the expression levels of ZmACO2,15,20 showed a downward trend.In response to biological stress,the expression levels of ZmACO5,9 showed the greatest changes after inoculation with the Setosphaeria turcica,and on the 10th day after inoculation,the expression levels of these two genes increased by 50 and 60 times,respectively,compared to the control group.After inoculation with the Cochlibolus heterostrophus,the expression level of ZmACO5 changed significantly,with a variation multiple of 40-90 times.After inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani,the expression levels of ZmACO5,35 showed the greatest changes,reaching 200 times on the 3rd day of inoculation.[Conclusion]The expression changes of ZmACO2,5,20 and 35 are most active during the growth and development of maize;The application of exogenous ethephon and salicylic acid can significantly affect the expression level of ZmACO genes.The expression level of ZmACO genes significantly changes after bacterial infection in maize,which is closely related to the response to biological stress.
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