Quantification of Row Orientation Effects on Radiation Distribution in Maize-Soybean Intercropping Based on Functional-Structural Plant Model
[Objective]The aim of this study was to develop functional-structural models of maize-soybean intercropping with different planting patterns and row orientations,so as to provide the support for analyzing the yield advantages,growth and developmental patterns,and the effects of planting patterns and row orientations on light interception,light distribution,and radiation use efficiency.[Method]In this study,one year maize-soybean field experiment with two planting patterns(sole crop and 2:2 MS)and three row orientations(North-South orientation,East-West orientation and Control orientation(Lishu original planting orientation:south-west 40))was conducted to analyze the effects of planting pattern and row orientation on the performance of biomass,yield and plant architecture.The three-dimensional functional-structural plant(FSP)model was used to simulate crop growth,development,structure and light interception in different planting patterns and row orientations,and to quantify the effects of planting patterns and row orientations on light interception and radiation use efficiency.Row orientation with high light interception was also explored using the FSP model.[Result]The grain yield land equivalent ratio(LER)under 2:2 MS was the highest in NS orientation(1.20±0.07)and the lowest in EW orientation(1.16±0.09).The FSP model well simulated the growth and development of maize and soybean in different planting patterns and row orientations.Compared with the measured values in the maize field experiment and the simulated values,the root mean square error(RMSE)was 0.09-0.14 m for plant height,0.04-0.08 m2·plant-1 for leaf area per plant and 0.07-0.12 for the fraction of light interception;for soybean,the RMSE was 0.07-0.09 m for plant height,0.02-0.04 m2·plant-1 for leaf area per plant and 0.09-0.10 for the fraction of light interception.The accumulated light interception for 2:2 MS in Control orientation was the highest,which was(758.48±1.00)MJ·m-2.Compared with the Control orientation,the radiation use efficiency reduced 7.18%for NS orientation and 10.57%for EW orientation.[Conclusion]Intercropping increased maize biomass and yield,but reduced soybean biomass and yield.Row orientation had a significant effect in maize-soybean intercropping system.Soybean adapted to the shading by changing morphological characteristics,such as leaf size,internode length,and petiole inclination,to increase the amount of light and optimize the photosynthetic efficiency,which was ultimately converted into an increase in yield.The planting row orientation had a great effect on the light interception,the radiation use efficiency and light interception of the intercropping system showed that the control orientation was better than NS orientation and EW orientation.The results of this study would help to optimize field management and provide the data and technical support for explaining the rational interception and distribution for maize-soybean intercropping in different row orientations.
maize-soybean intercroppingrow orientationfunctional-structural plant modelplant traitsradiation use efficiency
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