Effects of Different Rootstocks on Growth and Fruit Quality of Young Ruixianghong Apple Trees with Multi-Stem Shape
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of Ruixianghong apple tree with multi-stem shape,which could provide a theoretical basis for the production of Ruixianghong apple with suitable rootstock and multi-stem shape.[Method]The three years old of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1,Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo,and Ruixianghong/M9T337 with multi-stem shape were used as test materials.The tree height,branch composition,annual branches growth,photosynthetic characteristics,mineral element content and fruit quality of different rootstock-scion combinations were detected and analyzed from April 2023 to March 2024.[Result]The results demonstrated that the tree height,graft compatibility,branch numbers,annual branch growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 and Ruixianghong/M9T337,with a relatively vigorous growth of vegetative organs.The growth potential of Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 was slightly lower than that of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo,while higher than Ruixianghong/M9T337,which could better maintain the fruit shape,with the higher fruit hardness and storage quality,but the fruit yield declined,and the organic acid content increased.Ruixianghong/M9T337 had higher proportion of short branches,which balanced the vegetative growth of each part of the canopy,leading to higher yield and better fruit quality.There were apparent differences of the mineral element content in the new shoot leaves of three kinds of rootstock-scion combinations during spring and autumn shoot growing periods.The content of N,Mg,Fe,B in leaves of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo and Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/M9T337,and the Mn and Zn content in leaves of Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo and Ruixianghong/Qingzhen 1 leaves were significantly higher than that of Ruixianghong/M9T337 during spring shoot growing period,while the content of P,K,Mo,and Cu in Ruixianghong/M9T337 leaves were higher than the other two rootstock-scion combinations,while Mn and Zn contens in leaves of Ruixianghong/M9T337 were also higher than the other two rootstock-scion combinations.[Conclusion]In summary,Ruixianghong/M9T337 combination with multi-stem shape had the best dwarfing effect,with higher yield and better fruit quality,but the tree potential was lower,with a reduced stress tolerance.The Ruixianghong/Malus prunifolia var.ringo combination had higher graft compatibility,growing potential,with a better tree density,stress tolerance and fruit quality in combined with the multi-stem shape.
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