Genetic Effects of the 1BL·1RS Chromosome on Wheat Yield and Quality-Related Traits
[Objective]1BL·1RS translocation lines are widely used in wheat breeding programs.The genetic effects of 1BL·1RS on yield and quality related traits will be characterized under different backgrounds,and its application in breeding programs will be evaluated.The study will provide therotical references for the selection of high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties.[Method]The natural mapping population comprised by 244 varieties/advanced lines and the 188 recombinant inbred lines(KJ-RIL-F8)derived from the cross between Kenong9204(KN9204)and Jing411(J411)were used in this study.Their genotypes were detected by the 1RS diagnostic markers.Combining with the phenotypic values,the genetic effects of 1BL·1RS translocation on yield and quality were characterized.The selection and utilization of 1BL·1RS translocation in breeding programs were clarified by analyzing its proportion in the approved varieties among different decades and cultivate locations.[Result]Of the 188 KJ-RILs,74 were 1BL·1RS translocation lines.The yield-related traits analysis showed that,under both high and low nitrogen conditions,the 1BL·1RS translocation lines significantly prolonged the heading date,increased grain nitrogen content ratio,increased flag leaf length and flag leaf area;while it significantly reduced kernel number per spike.The 1BL·1RS translocation had no significant effect on the spikes number per plant,thousand kerner weight or flag leaf width.Under both high nitrogen and low nitrogen conditions,1BL·1RS translocation could significantly increase water absorption rate,wet gluten content,protein content and grain hardness;it had no significant effect on testweight,tractility or sedimentation value.Of the 244 varieties/advanced lines in the natural population,76 were 1BL·1RS translocation lines.The 1BL·1RS translocation could significantly increase kernel number per spike,spike length and spikelet number,but it could significantly reduce plant height.However,it had no significant effect on spikes number per plant,thousand kerner weight,flag leaf length,flag leaf width or flag leaf area.The 244 varieties/advanced lines in the natural mapping population were classified and grouped according to wheat cultivation locations and variety certification time.The results showed that there were significant differences in the proportion of 1BL·1RS among different wheat cultivation locations.The proportion of the 1BL·1RS translocation lines began to increase from the 1990s in breeding programs.[Conclusion]There is no significant difference for the effects of 1BL·1RS translocation on yield and quality traits under high and low nitrogen conditions.The 1BL·1RS translocation showed inconsistent effects on yield related traits in the KJ-RIL mapping population and the natural mapping population,probably due to the different genetic backgrounds among them.
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