秸秆还田下耕作方式对黑土活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响

中文摘要：[目的]基于连续 4 年耕作定位试验，2020 和 2021 年测定土壤相关指标，明确秸秆还田下不同耕作方式对大兴安岭南麓黑土农田土壤活性有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响。[方法]耕作定位试验设置 7 个处理，分别为深翻秸秆还田(DTS)、深松浅翻秸秆还田(DSS)、深松秸秆还田(STS)、重耙秸秆还田(SHS)、旋耕秸秆还田(RTS)、免耕秸秆还田(NTS)、浅翻秸秆不还田(CK)。玉米成熟期采集 0-60 cm 土层样品，用不同浓度(0。333、0。167 和0。033 mol·L-1)的高锰酸钾溶液测定活性有机碳(R333)、中活性有机碳(R167)、高活性有机碳(R33)的含量，研究不同耕作方式对土壤活性有机碳组分含量及碳库管理指数的影响。[结果](1)与CK相比，DSS、DTS、NTS、RTS、STS处理 0-10 cm土层R333 含量显著提高 9。0%—63。7%，DSS处理最高，DTS、NTS次之;10-60 cm土层，DTS、DSS、NTS处理R333 分别显著提高 30。8%—134。5%、14。1%—97。8%、18。9%—63。0%(P＜0。05)。(2)与CK相比，秸秆还田下各耕作方式 0-10 cm土层 R167 含量显著提高(P＜0。05)，DSS处理的 R167 最高，提高了 37。3%—101。0%;10-60 cm土层 DTS处理的 R167 含量最高，显著提高了 44。8%—72。9%，整体呈现 DTS＞DSS＞NTS处理。(3)与 CK相比，0-10 cm土层，DSS 处理 R33 含量显著提高 13。8%—55。6%(P＜0。05);在 10-20 cm土层，DTS、DSS、STS、RTS、NTS处理 R33显著提高 3。6%—29。3%(P＜0。05)，DTS最高，DSS次之;在 20-60 cm土层，DTS、DSS、STS处理R33 显著提高 68。1%—20。0%(P＜0。05)。(4)与 CK 相比，秸秆还田下各处理 0-10 cm 土层惰性有机碳(IOC)显著提高 4。7%—21。8%(P＜0。05)，在 0-20 cm土层DSS处理的IOC含量最高，相比CK显著提高了 14。0%—29。0%;20-60 cm土层，DTS、DSS处理的IOC含量相比其他处理显著提高了 5。3%—156。6%、4。2%—138。8%(P＜0。05)。(5)与CK相比，DTS处理0-20 cm 土层碳库活度、碳库活度指数显著提高 7。7%—44。8%和 7。7%—45。0%(P＜0。05);DTS、DSS、STS、RTS处理各土层碳库指数均显著提高(P＜0。05)，DTS、DSS、NTS 处理 0-60 cm 土层碳库管理指数分别显著提高了 21。9%—140。9%、4。9%—103。7%、13。3%—62。0%(P＜0。05)。(6)在 0-60 cm 土层，R333、R167、R33、IOC 含量均与土壤有机碳含量、碳库活度指数、容重、团聚体几何平均直径呈极显著正相关，而与土壤总孔隙度呈极显著负相关(P＜0。01)，其含量提高可改善土壤物理结构，增强团聚体稳定性;IOC 与作物产量、干物质量也呈极显著正相关(P＜0。01)。[结论]黑土区采用深翻秸秆还田(DTS)和深松浅翻秸秆还田(DDS)在一定程度上均可提升土壤活性有机碳和惰性有机碳含量，有效改善农田有机碳库。

外文标题：Effects of Tillage Methods Under Straw Returning on the Labile Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Pool Management Index in Black Soil Farmland

外文摘要：[Objective]Soil-related indicators were measured during the mature period of maize in 2020 and 2021.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage methods with straw returning on soil labile organic carbon and carbon pool management index of black soil farmland at the southern foot of the Daxing'an mountains based on four consecutive years of tillage experiment.[Method]Seven treatments were set up in the tillage positioning experiment,including deep tillage with straw returning(DTS),deep loosening and shallow with straw returning(DSS),subsoiling tillage with straw returning(STS),heavy harrowing straw returning(SHS),rotary tillage with straw returning(RTS),and no-tillage straw returning(NTS),with shallow tillage without straw returning(CK).0-60 cm surface soil was collected.The contents of labile organic carbon(R333),medium labile organic carbon(R167)and high labile organic carbon(R33)were determined by potassium permanganate solution with different concentrations(0.333,0.167 and 0.033 mol·L-1),and the effects of different tillage methods on soil labile organic carbon content and carbon pool management index were studied.[Result](1)Compared with CK,the R333 content in 0-10 cm soil layer treated by DSS,DTS,NTS,RTS and STS significantly increased by 9.0%to 63.7%in two years,respectively.DSS was the highest,followed by DTS and NTS.R333 in 10-60 cm soil layer,DTS,DSS and NTS significantly increased by 30.8%-134.5%,14.1%-97.8%and 18.9%-63.0%,respectively(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with CK,the medium labile organic carbon(R167)of 0-10 cm soil layer under different tillage methods was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The DSS treatment of R167 content was the highest,with an increase of 37.3%-101.0%,and the DTS treatment of 10-60 cm soil layer was the highest,with an increase of 44.8%-72.9%,showing DTS＞DSS＞NTS treatment.(3)Compared with CK,the R33 content in 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 13.8%-55.6%under DSS treatment(P＜0.05).In 10-20 cm soil layer,R33 content of DTS,DSS,STS,RTS and NTS treatment was significantly increased by 3.6%-29.3%(P＜0.05),with DTS being the highest,followed by DSS.In 20-60 cm soil layer,R33 under DTS,DSS and STS treatment was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the proportion was 68.1%-20.0%.(4)The inert organic carbon(IOC)of 0-10 cm soil layer under straw returning was significantly increased by 4.7%-21.8%(P＜0.05).In 20-60 cm soil layer,DTS and DSS significantly increased by 5.3%-156.6%and 4.2%-138.8%compared with other treatments(P＜0.05).(5)Compared with CK,DTS treatment significantly increased carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index in 0-20 cm soil layer(P＜0.05),and increased by 7.7%-44.8%and 7.7%-45.0%,and significantly increased by DTS,DSS,STS and RTS soil layer carbon pool index(P＜0.05).DTS,DSS and NTS treatment significantly increased the carbon pool management index of 0-60 cm soil layer by 21.9%-140.9%,4.9%-103.7%,13.3%-62.0%(P＜0.05).(6)In 0-60 cm soil layer,R333,R167,R33 and IOC were positively correlated with organic carbon content,carbon pool activity index,bulk density and geometric mean diameter,but negatively correlated with total soil porosity(P＜0.01).Increasing the content of active organic carbon could improve soil physical structure and enhanced aggregate stability.The IOC was positively correlated with maize yield and dry matter mass(P＜0.01).[Conclusion]Comprehensive analysis shows that both deep tillage with straw returning(DTS)and deep loosening and shallow with straw returning(DDS)can increase soil labile organic carbon and inert organic carbon to a certain extent,and effectively improve the organic carbon pool of farmland.

外文关键词：

straw returningtillage methodblack soillabile organic carboninert organic carboncarbon pool management indexmaize yieldthe southern foot of the Daxing'an mountains

秸秆还田下耕作方式对黑土活性有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响

中国农业科学