Research Progress in Moth Sex Pheromone Biosynthesis
Sex pheromones are species-specific,easy-to-use,and environmental-friendly,using sex pheromones to monitor and control agricultural and forestry pests has promising prospects to meet the demands for sustainable agriculture in China.Elucidations of the moth sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways and key catalytic enzymes are of vital importance because they can serve as a theoretical basis for producing moth sex pheromones with synthetic biology strategies.According to the chemical structures and the biosynthetic pathways,moth sex pheromones are divided into four categories,namely Type-Ⅰ,Type-Ⅱ,Type-Ⅲ,and Type-0,and the majority belongs to the former two categories,accounting for approximately 75％and 15％,respectively,of the known moth sex pheromones.Among the Type-Ⅱ epoxidized sex pheromones,about 54％is monoepoxide.In terms of the biosynthetic site,Type-Ⅰ sex pheromones are synthesized in the female sex pheromone glands,while Type-Ⅱ hydrocarbon sex pheromones are produced in the oenocytes and only the final epoxidation occurs in the sex pheromone glands.In regards to the biosynthetic pathways and catalytic enzymes,Type-Ⅰ sex pheromones are de novo synthesized from the fatty acid metabolic pathway and the involved enzymes that have been reported are fatty acyl desaturase,fatty acyl-CoA reductase,alcohol oxidase and acetyltransferase,and Type-Ⅱ polyunsaturated hydrocarbons are derived from dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids,the identified involved enzymes include terminal desaturase,lipid transport protein lipophorin and P450 epoxidase.In addition,the current research status of the biological production of moth sex pheromones in plant and yeast cell factories is summarized.To further develop bio-factories for moth sex pheromone production with synthetic biology strategies,the remaining problems and research prospects faced in moth sex pheromone biosynthesis and bio-production are proposed as well.
moth sex pheromonebiosynthetic pathwaybiosynthetic sitecatalytic enzymesynthetic biology
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