Rotation Tillage Mode Improves Wheat Root and Yield in Fluvo-Aquic Soil in Norther Henan Province
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the optimum tillage mode in northern Henan province based on the long-term experiment.[Method]This study was based on the long-term tillage experiment started from 2016,which included different combination of three tillage practices,rotary tillage,shallow rotary tillage,and deep tillage before winter wheat sowed.The different combinations were 3-year cycle.Five typical treatments were selected:(1)continuous rotary tillage(RT-RT-RT);(2)Deep tillage-rotary tillage-rotary tillage(DT-RT-RT);(3)Deep tillage-rotary tillage-shallow rotary tillage(DT-RT-SRT);(4)Deep tillage-shallow rotary tillage-shallow rotary tillage(DT-SRT-SRT);(5)Deep tillage-shallow rotary tillage-rotary tillage(DT-SRT-RT).During the wheat season in 2021,root growth indexes,wheat photosynthetic characteristics,total nutrients of all organs at maturity,soil porosity,soil bulk density,aggregate distribution and wheat yield were measured and analyzed.[Result]Compared with RT-RT-RT,the wheat root indexes were improved under the treatments with rotation tillage,therein,DT-SRT-RT displayed the outstanding one.The highest increment of root indexes was at jointing stage.The total root length(RL),surface area(SA),volume(RV),and diameter(RD)were increased by 80.8%,54.1%,51.5%,and 21.9%,respectively.The increment was decreased with wheat growth,with the relevant value as 39.0%-28.8%(RL),21.7%-10.8%(SA),12.4%-17.8%(RV),and 17.5%-24.5%(RD),respectively.Rotational tillage treatments promoted the wheat photosynthetic characteristics,similar as root indexes,while DT-SRT-RT was demonstrated the better effect among all the treatments.Compared with RT-RT-RT,under DT-SRT-RT,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(Tr)was increased by 25.7%,41.5%,and 20.5%respectively,at the jointing stage,which was increased by 55.4%,21.7%,and 17.4%,respectively,at the flowering stage.At the filling stage,the Pn and Gs were increased by 9.7%and 13.6%,respectively,while the Tr was decreased by 6.7%.The nutrient in wheat organ was promoted under the treatments with rotation tillage compared to RT-RT-RT.Therein,under DT-SRT-RT,the TN in leaves,stems,and roots was increased by 66.2%,80.1%and 61.1%,respectively;the TP in leaves and stems increased by 31.2%and 38.4%;the TK in roots was increased by 50.0%.Compared with RT-RT-RT,the soil porosity was improved in the 20-30 cm soil layer with the increment of 27.1%.The treatments with rotation tillage decreased the soil bulk density in the 0-30 cm soil layer.Meanwhile,the aggregate size with＞0.25 mm was increased under the treatments with rotation tillage,especially,it was significant increases under DT-SRT-SRT in the 0-20 cm soil layer.However,the silt and clay proportion were decreased under the treatments with rotation tillage.Additionally,the root-shoot(R/S)ratio,numbers of ears,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight and yield under the treatments with rotation tillage were higher than those under RT-RT-RT.The R/S ratio increased by 55.6%,numbers of ears increased by 45.3%,and yield increased by 20.7%under DT-SRT-RT.The correlation analysis showed that the yield positively correlated with root length and Stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate.[Conclusion]In conclusion,the rotation tillage mode improved the soil porosity and root architecture,raised the photosynthetic rate,enriched the TN,TP,and TK in wheat organs,and increased wheat yield.Therein,the DT-SRT-RT demonstrated the better effect.
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