Identification and Evaluation of Phenotypic Characters and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 169 Tomato Germplasm Resources
[Objective]The phenotypic genetic diversity and taste performance of cultivated and wild tomato germplasm resources from around the world was analyzed,in order to screen specific and high-quality tomato resources,so as to provide the germplasm and theoretical support for the exploration of excellent tomato genes and tomato breeding.[Method]A total of 169 tomato resources collected domestically and internationally were used as the research object,and 38 phenotypic traits of them were measured throughout the entire growth period.The genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis,and comprehensive evaluation of tomato germplasm phenotypes were conducted through multiple statistical analysis methods,such as genetic diversity index,principal component analysis,weight,systematic clustering,and membership function.[Result]The variation coefficient of phenotypic traits in 169 tomato samples ranged from 18%to 368%,and the genetic diversity index ranged from 0.036 to 2.302.There were 26 traits with a genetic diversity index＞1,among which the genetic diversity index for mature fruit color was the highest(2.302),indicating that the 169 tomato samples in this study were diverse in type and rich in genetic diversity.Correlation analysis showed that tomatoes with the higher plant height,the more flowers per inflorescence,and the smaller fruits had a higher sugar-to-acid ratio.Principal component analysis showed that 16 phenotypic traits(single fruit weight,number of ventricles,fruit shoulder shape,fruit shoulder furrows,longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruits,ratio of sugar to acid,soluble solids,cork size,growth habits,plant height,second inflorescence node position,inflorescence type,mature fruit color,number of inflorescence flowers,and plant type)had a relatively large contribution rate to resource variation,and could be used as the main indicator for cluster analysis.The clustering analysis results showed that 169 tomato resources were divided into 10 major groups at a Euclidean distance of 5.0.The first and second groups were Solanum cheesmanii,the third and tenth groups were upright tomatoes with different fruit sizes,the fourth and fifth groups were ordinary large fruit tomatoes with unlimited growth,the sixth group was large fruit tomatoes in the upright type,the seventh and eighth groups were mostly cherry tomatoes and a small number of Solanum Pimpinellifolium,and the ninth group was limited growth large fruit tomatoes.Using the membership function method and weight analysis,a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the taste and flavor of tomato fruits.Based on the D-value ranking of the comprehensive evaluation,10 sweet and sour-tasting Solanum Pimpinellifolium and cherry tomatoes with good taste were selected,and 5 sweet,fleshy,and sandy-soft-tasting large fruit tomato resources were selected.[Conclusion]The research results clarified the phenotypic specificity and rich genetic diversity of 169 tomato germplasm resources.Cluster analysis screened out tomato resources specific to each group and used fruit taste-related indicators to screen cherry tomatoes and ordinary large fruit tomato resources for better performance.This study could serve as the theoretical and material basis for the genetic improvement of excellent tomato resources and new variety breeding.
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