Comparative Analysis of the Toll Receptor Gene Families in Three Species of Rice Planthoppers
[Objective]The Toll receptor is one of the key effector factors in the Toll signaling pathway of the innate immune system in insects.This article aims to identify the Toll receptor genes of three types of rice planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens,Sogatella furcifera,and Laodelphax striatellus),explore the potential functions of the Toll receptor in these three species,and investigate the interspecies differences,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the immune development of rice planthoppers and for the control and prevention of these pests.[Method]Bioinformatics methods were used to identify Toll receptor genes from the genomes of three species of rice planthoppers,and the gene structure and characteristics,physicochemical properties and structural domains of the encoded proteins,chromosome localization and phylogenetic evolutionary relationships were analyzed.Artificial intelligence software AlphaFold 3 was used to predict the three-dimensional structure of Toll receptors and compare it with the known structures and functions of Toll receptors from other species to predict their potential functions and interspecific functional differentiation.Transcriptome data were used to quantitatively analyze the expressions of Toll receptor genes in different tissues and at different developmental stages.[Result]A total of 6,7,and 6 Toll receptor genes were identified in the genomes of N.lugens,S.furcifera,and L.striatellus,respectively,all of which are distributed on chromosomes 1,4,and 7,with a clear distribution pattern.The Toll gene family in the three species of rice planthoppers is distributed with one gene on chromosomes 1 and 4,and the rest on chromosome 7.The coding sequence lengths of the Toll receptor genes in the three species of rice planthoppers range from 2 676 to 4 158 bp,with the number of exons ranging from 1 to 7,and the encoded protein sequence lengths range from 891 to 1 385 aa,with molecular weights ranging from 103.31 to 158.25 kDa and theoretical isoelectric points ranging from 5.42 to 6.54.Phylogenetic development analysis showed that the Toll receptor gene family of the three species of rice planthoppers can be divided into six subfamilies,which are homologous to the Toll,Toll6,Toll7,Tollo(Toll8),and Toll9 of other insects.The comparison analysis of the extracellular structures predicted by AlphaFold 3 with those of Toll receptors from other species showed that two Toll receptors in the Toll receptor gene family of S.furcifera were potentially related to virus interactions,one in the Toll receptor gene family of L.striatellus,and none in the Toll receptor gene family of N.lugens.Transcriptome quantitative results showed that the Toll receptor genes in the three species of rice planthoppers were expressed in different tissues and at different developmental stages,suggesting that they may have different functions and participate in different divisions of labor.[Conclusion]A total of 19 Toll receptor genes were identified in three species of rice planthoppers,and their related structures and functions were analyzed and predicted.The study revealed potential differences in the roles played by Toll receptors in the development and immune response,particularly in virus immunity,within the insect body among these three species of rice planthoppers.
rice planthopperToll receptorimmune developmentgene family identification
万方数据
维普
