摘要
[目的]研究牛粪化肥配施比例对苹果园土壤活性有机碳组分和酶活性的影响,揭示不同配施比例对土壤碳库的影响,为苹果园牛粪与化肥的科学配施及土壤质量改善提供理论支撑.[方法]选取中国农业科学院果树研究所砬山施肥试验平台中不施肥(CK)、100%化肥(CF100)、25%牛粪配施 75%化肥(CM25CF75)、50%牛粪配施 50%化肥(CM50CF50)、75%牛粪配施25%化肥(CM75CF25)、100%牛粪(CM100)6个处理,分别测定施肥区(F)与非施肥区(NF)土壤活性有机碳组分(颗粒有机碳,POC;微生物量碳,MBC;易氧化有机碳,ROC)和酶活性(α-D-葡萄糖苷酶,AG;β-D-葡萄糖苷酶,BG;纤维素酶,CBH;过氧化物酶,PER;脲酶,UR)等相关指标.[结果](1)牛粪化肥配施后施肥区土壤SOC、POC和ROC的含量随着牛粪施入比例的增加而增加;CM50CF50 处理的MBC含量最高,比CK提高了 139.7%.非施肥区,CF100、CM25CF75、CM50CF50、CM75CF25处理与CK相比土壤POC含量分别下降了32.8%、28.4%、21.6%、14.7%,CM50CF50和CM75CF25 处理ROC含量分别下降了31.5%和17.4%.同一处理施肥区活性有机碳组分含量明显高于非施肥区.(2)CM25CF75、CM50CF50、CM75CF25、CM100处理施肥区土壤α-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性较CK分别提高了 87.7%、68.4%、278.1%、331.6%;CM25CF75 处理β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高(39.00 µg·g-1·h-1);脲酶活性随牛粪施入比例的增加先升高后降低.牛粪化肥配施非施肥区土壤 α-D-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性也显著提高.(3)牛粪化肥配施显著提高了施肥区土壤POC/SOC和碳库管理指数(CPMI),CM25CF75、CM50CF50、CM75CF25、CM100 处理的碳库管理指数分别提高了 19.7%、38.3%、56.2%、103.5%.非施肥区牛粪化肥配施碳库管理指数显著下降.同一处理施肥区土壤碳库管理指数明显高于非施肥区.(4)相关分析和主成分分析表明,施肥区土壤中活性有机碳组分与α-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈显著正相关,牛粪比例的提高对土壤活性有机碳的提高贡献较大.[结论]牛粪化肥配施对于苹果园施肥区土壤的改善效果大于非施肥区.高比例的牛粪(配施比例在50%以上)能够提高土壤有机碳各组分含量和促进土壤酶活性增强,是苹果园科学施肥的较好的配施比例.
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to study the effects of different proportions of cow manure and fertilizer on soil labile organic carbon components and carbon conversion related enzyme activities in apple orchard,and to reveal the mechanism of different fertilization methods on biological transformation of soil carbon pool,so as to provide the theoretical support for organic and inorganic scientific application and soil quality improvement in apple orchard.[Method]Long-term positioning fertilization test was used as the platform.Six treatments were selected:no fertilizer(CK),100%fertilizer(CF100),25%cow manure with 75%fertilizer(CM25CF75),50%cow manure with 50%fertilizer(CM50CF50),75%cow manure with 25%fertilizer(CM75CF25),and 100%cow manure(CM100).Soil labile organic carbon components(particulate organic carbon,POC;microbial biomass carbon,MBC;readily oxidizing organic carbon,ROC)and carbon conversion related enzymes(α-D-glucosidase,AG;β-D-glucosidase,BG;Cellulase,CBH;Peroxidase,PER;Urease,UR)activity and other related indicators were measured.[Result](1)The content of SOC,POC and ROC in soil increased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer applied.CM50CF50 had the highest MBC content,which was 139.7%higher than that under CK.In the non-fertilized area,compared with CK,the POC content under CF100,CM25CF75,CM50CF50 and CM75CF25 decreased by 32.8%,28.4%,21.6%and 14.7%,respectively.The ROC content under CM50CF50 and CM75CF25 treatments decreased by 31.5%and 17.4%,respectively.The content of labile organic carbon in fertilized area was significantly higher than that in non-fertilized area under the same treatment.(2)Compared with CK,the α-D-glucosidase activity under CM25CF75,CM50CF50,CM75CF25 and CM100 was increased by 87.7%,68.4%,278.1%and 331.6%,respectively.The β-D-glucosidase activity under CM25CF75 was the highest(39.00 µg·g-¹·h-¹).Urease activity first increased and then decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer application ratio.The α-D-glucosidase and urease activities of soil in the non-fertilized area were also significantly increased.(3)The combination of organic and inorganic application significantly increased the soil POC/SOC and carbon pool management index(CPMI)of the fertilization area,and the carbon pool management index under CM25CF75,CM50CF50,CM75CF25 and CM100 treatments increased by 19.7%,38.3%,56.2%and 103.5%,respectively.The carbon pool management index of organic and inorganic combined application in non-fertilized area decreased significantly.Soil carbon pool management index in fertilized area was significantly higher than that in non-fertilized area under the same treatment.(4)Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between labile organic carbon components and α-D-glucosidase activity in the soil in the fertilization area,and the increase of organic fertilizer ratio contributed more to the increase of soil labile organic carbon.The effect of fertilization treatment on the fertilized area was greater than that on the non-fertilized area.[Conclusion]The effect of organic and inorganic combined application on soil improvement in fertilized area of apple orchard was greater than that in non-fertilized area.The combination of organic and inorganic application could increase the content of soil organic carbon and promote soil enzyme activity,which provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of soil ecological environment in apple orchard.
基金项目
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP)()
维普
万方数据