Research Progress on Postharvest Disease and Its Control Techniques of Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus (A.bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated,distributed,and highest-yielding edible fungi in the world.It has excellent qualities due to rich in nutrients and protein,while low in fat,as a food,and tastes tender and delicious.In some regions of China,the A.bisporus industry plays an important role in poverty alleviation and in promoting rural economic development.The mushroom is primarily consumed as fresh food,so appearance and freshness are the main factors determining its commercial value.However,due to its vigorous postharvest physiological activity and lack of a distinct protective structure on the surface,it is highy susceptible to enzymatic browning caused by external factors,such as impact,temperature,and humidity.Additionally,it is easy to be infected by pathogens,such as Pseudomonas,Trichoderma,and Verticillium,leading to browning,decay,and rot,which significantly diminish its appearance,edibility,and commercial value.Due to the large number and variety of pathogens,the current research on postharvest diseases of A.bisporus is mainly focused on disease symptoms,with limited studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of various pathogens.Disease prevention and control for edible fungi like A.bisporus primarily occur during the agricultural cultivation stage.However,postharvest diseases are also unavoidable.Currently,integrated management approaches using physical and chemical methods are commonly employed,such as low temperature and pressure,irradiation,modified atmosphere packaging,and the application of chemical agents like benzoic acid,ascorbic acid,and 1-Methylcyclopropene.Green and safe biological control technologies have become a research hotspot in recent years,including the use of antagonistic bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus.However,many studies on these antagonistic bacteria are still at the laboratory stage,and their practical applications are still a long way off.In recent years,with the expansion of A.bisporus cultivation and industry,the sector has faced numerous urgent issues,including the complexity and diversity of pathogens,which makes it difficult to take targeted measures to control the spread of pathogens promptly,and the lack of safe and effective control products and systematic control measures.To advance research on postharvest diseases,browning mechanisms,and disease control in A.bisporus,this review introduced the main infectious and physiological diseases affecting A.bisporus,systematically summarized the melanogenesis pathways involved in browning mechanisms,and reviewed the current research progress in disease control.This work aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for postharvest preservation techniques for A.bisporus and to contribute to the green,healthy,and sustainable development of the edible fungi industry.
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