STUDY ON GREEN EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE FOR GRAIN PRODUCTION BASED ON THREE-STAGE SBM-MAIMQUIST INDEX——A CASE STUDY OF NINGXIA
The sustainable development of agriculture is inseparable from the water use efficiency of grain production.Proving the characteristics of water use in grain production in Ningxia will help to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use in the region and realize the green development of agriculture.Taking water footprint of grain as input index and grey water footprint of grain as undesirable output index,the green efficiency of water for grain production in 18 counties of Ningxia from 2006 to 2020 was calculated by using three-stage super-efficiency SBM-Malmquist model.The results were indicated as follows.(1)Affected by grain yield,sown area and planting structure,the regional differentiation of water footprint and grey water footprint of grain production in Ningxia was obvious,decreasing from north to south;(2)The gray water footprint of different grain varieties was different,the gray water footprint of maize was the most,and the pollution was the most serious,the main reason was that the sown area of maize was wide,and the nitrogen application per unit area was more than that of wheat and rice.(3)After removing environmental factors,it was found that environmental variables would exaggerate the comprehensive technical efficiency,resulting in different green efficiency of water for grain production in different regions.In summary,Ningxia grain production water green efficiency was higher than the average area,such as Yinchuan,Yongning county,Helan county,mainly affected by technical efficiency;the areas below the average,such as Pingluo county,Tongxin county,Jingyuan county,were affected by technical efficiency and technological progress.Therefore,the management of agricultural production water in Ningxia should be adapted to local conditions and implemented in different regions.While increasing the investment in technological innovation,the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer per unit area should be focused on,and promoting water-saving agriculture should be continued,so as to achieve a steady improvement in the green efficiency of water for grain production.
three-stage SBM Malmquistunexpected outputwater footprintgrey water footprintgreen efficiency
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