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农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响研究

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[目的]农业劳动生产率的提高是中国农业现代化的重要特征,进一步探讨农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的作用效果具有现实意义.[方法]文章基于2019年全国13省份玉米种植户调查数据,采用OLS回归模型与倾向得分匹配法,分析了农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响效应,探讨影响效应在不同地形条件、兼业程度的组群差异,并考察了不同环节农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响差异.[结果](1)农机社会化服务正向显著影响农业劳动生产率,采纳农机社会化服务会促使农户农业劳动生产率显著提高18.8%.但农户采纳农机社会化服务的作用效果具有环节异质性.采纳耕整地、播种、灌溉排水和收获环节农机社会化服务会促使农户农业劳动生产率分别显著提高21.2%、17.4%、22.9%和18.3%;(2)而农户采纳植保环节农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率并不具有显著影响.农户采纳农机社会化服务对劳动生产率的影响效应还存在禀赋差异,平地农户采纳农机社会化服务使其农业劳动生产率显著提高21.9%,而坡地山地农户采纳农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率没有表现出显著的影响.(3)纯农业户与兼业农户采纳农机社会化服务都会对农业劳动生产率产生显著的正向影响效果,纯农业户的影响净效应平均值高于兼业农户的19.6%.[结论]总体而言,在中国当前农村环境下,农户采纳农机社会化服务能够显著提高农业劳动生产率.农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响效应强度依次为:灌溉排水环节、耕整地环节、收获环节、播种环节.此外,耕地地形为平地的纯农业户采纳农机社会化服务对农业劳动生产率的影响效应更大.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SOCIALIZATION SERVICE ON AGRICULTURAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
The improvement of agricultural labor productivity is an important feature of China's agricultural modernization.It is of practical significance to further explore the effect of socialized service of agricultural machinery on agricultural labor productivity.Based on the survey data of maize farmers in 13 provinces of China in 2019,the OLS regression model and propensity score matching method were used to analyze the impact of agricultural machinery socialization services on agricultural labor productivity,explore the group differences of the effect in different terrain conditions and degree of part-time work,and investigatethe differences in the impact of socialized service of agricultural machinery on agricultural labor productivity at different stages.The results were listed as follows.(1)Agricultural machinery socialization service positively affected the labor productivity of corn production,and the average net effect was 18.8%.However,the effect of farmers'adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service had link heterogeneity.The average net effect of agricultural machinery socialization service in tillage,sowing,irrigation and drainage and harvesting on agricultural labor productivity was 21.2%,17.4%,22.9%and 18.3%,respectively.(2)However,the adoption of farm machinery socialization service in plant protection had no significant impact on agricultural labor productivity.The effect of farmers'adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services on labor productivity was also different in endowment.The average net effect of farmers'adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services on agricultural labor productivity was 21.9%,while farmers'adoption of socialized agricultural machinery services in hilly areas had no significant effect on agricultural labor productivity.(3)The adoption of agricultural machinery socialization services by both pure agricultural households and part-time farming households had a significant positive effect on agricultural labor productivity.The average net effect of pure agricultural households was 19.6%higher than that of part-time farming households.In general,under the current rural environment in China,the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service by farmers can significantly improve agricultural labor productivity.The effect intensity of agricultural machinery socialization service on agricultural labor productivity is showed as follows,irrigation and drainage link,tillage and land preparation link,harvest link and sowing link.In addition,the adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service by pure agricultural households with flat land has a greater effect on agricultural labor productivity.

agricultural machinery socialization serviceagricultural labor productivityheterogeneity of linksgroup differencescorn production

杨思雨、李伟

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北京联合大学应用科技学院,北京 100012

农机社会化服务 农业劳动生产率 环节异质性 组群差异 玉米生产

农业农村部课题北京联合大学科研项目北京联合大学科研项目北京联合大学2021年度校级科研项目

SK10202308SKZD202311SK30202102

2023

10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20231113

中国农业资源与区划
中国农科院农业资源区划所 全国农业资源区划办公室 中国农业资源与区划学会

中国农业资源与区划

CSTPCDCSCDCHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：1.579
ISSN：1005-9121
年,卷(期)：2023.44(11)
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