摘要
背景 工作压力与职业倦怠息息相关,国内外研究主要集中在医生参与调查时的职业倦怠状况,忽略了导致职业倦怠的原因(如工作需求、工作资源、人格特质等).目的 工作需求和工作资源是职业健康的驱动因素,本研究旨在探讨中国全科医生人格特质在工作需求和资源(JD-R)模型中对工作压力的影响.方法 2023 年 5 月在线招募深圳市罗湖区26家社康中心的全科医生,无记名自填简易工作压力量表(BJSQ)和大五人格模型特质(TIPI)测试,69.6%的全科医生做了有效应答.工作压力量表包含工作需求(8 项目)、工作资源(任务级 8 项目、工作组级别 11 项目、组织级别 8 项目)和相关结果(10 项目).人格特质包括性格外向型、宜人愉快型、认真负责型、情绪稳定型和公开坦率型,采用中位数以及 25%和 75%百分位数表示各项目的集中趋势和离散程度,运用皮尔逊相关系数和方差分析检验不同人格特质和JD-R模型相关因子.结果 罗湖区全科医生人格特质类型,无论男女,均以"认真负责型"为最重要的特质,其中 40 岁以下和初级职称者以"宜人愉快型,认真负责型"为主要特质,40 岁以上和高级职称以"情绪稳定型,认真负责型"为主要特质.五种人格特质与人际冲突、角色冲突、工作控制、工作适应性、工作的价值、家人和朋友支持、工作保障、应对组织变动、心理应激、家庭满意程度、工作投入、履行职责相关(P<0.01),与定性工作负荷、工作可预测性无直线相关关系(P>0.05);宜人愉快型人格(r=0.295,P<0.01)和情绪稳定型人格(r=0.196,P<0.01)与职场骚扰相关;情绪稳定型人格特质与JD-R模型相关(P<0.01).结论 中国全科医生人格特质与其工作压力、社会心理工作环境和结果有密切关系,可借助工作需求和资源模型作为预测指标,未来的工作倦怠研究应考虑人格因素.建议 在医学院和规培招收学生或学员时,增加人格、情商、逻辑、关系等测试,以遴选和招募更适合医学服务的人进入医学领域;对于不同人格特质的医生,可结合个人特点给予相应的工作需求和工作资源支持,减少职业倦怠的产生,提高工作效率和健康产出.作者提议对中国医生的人格特质与其学习和工作压力和绩效的关系做进一步深入探讨.
Abstract
Objective Job demands and job resources are drivers of health and wellbeing of workfoce.This study aimed to explore the influence of personality traits on job stress in the Job Demands and Resources(JD-R)model.Methods May 2023,self-administered questionnaires for the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire(BJSQ)and the Ten Item Personality Inventory(TIPI)were distributed online to general practitioners(GPs)of 26 public community health centres of Luohu Hospital Group,Shenzhen China.69.6%GPs completed the questionnaires.The BJSQ included job demands(8 items),job resources(8 task-level items,11 workgroup-level items,8 organisational-level items)and related outcomes(10 items).The personality traits including extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness,emotional stability,and openness.The median as well as the 25th and 75th percentiles were used to indicate the central tendency and the degree of dispersion of the items,and Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used to test the correlational factors of the different personality traits and the JD-R model.Results The personality traits of GPs,both male and female,were dominated by conscientiousness.agreeableness and conscientiousness were the dominant traits for those under 40 years of age and those in lower professional hierarchy,while emotional stability and conscientiousness were the dominant traits for those 40 years of age and over and those in higher professional hierarchy.The Big Five Personality Traits were related to interpersonal conflict,role conflict,job control,job adaptability,value of work,support from family and friends,job security,coping with organisational change,psychological stress,family satisfaction,job involvement,and job performance(P<0.01),but not to qualitative workload,or work predictability.Agreeableness(r=0.295,P<0.01)and emotional stability(r=0.196,P<0.01)were associated with workplace harassment.Correlation of emotional stability and JD-R model was evident statistically.Conclusion Personality traits are closely related to Chinese GPs work stress,psychosocial work environment and outcomes,and can be used as predictors with the JD-R model.Future research on professional burnout should consider personality traits as independent variable.Recommendation The authors suggest including personality,emotional intelligence,logical reasoning,and interpersonal relationship tests in the recruitment of students or trainees in medical schools and vocational training programs,in order to select and recruit suitable people for the delivery of medical services.Doctors with different personality traits could be supported with job demands and resources according to their individual characteristics to reduce professional burnout and improve work efficiency and patient care outcome.The authors called further studies on the relationship of Chinese doctor's personality traits and their study and working stress and performance.
维普
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