Thinking for the transformation of ecological protection and restoration in the coupled view
Interactions among natural resources,socio-economic and ecological systems makes the resources,socio-economic and ecology as a coupled system.The coupled resources-socio-economic-ecological(REE)system were introduced for the cognitive connotation for ecological protection and restoration from the perspective of the coupled REE system.Based on the frontier research of coupled social-ecological system and the above cognitive connotation,we summarized three shortcomings of ecological restoration which were mainly reflected in the insufficient systemic nature of elemental association,insufficient spatial-scale integrated linkage and insufficient synergy with social sustainable development objectives.Therefore,we proposed the strategies for the transformation from coupling perspective in three aspects,including:①strengthening systematic goals for pattern and pattern optimization,②strengthening spatial linkage coordination among different scales,③enhancing matching with sustainable developing in high-quality synergy.
ecological civilization constructionecological protection and restorationcoupled resources-socio-economic-ecosystemtransformation strategies
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