Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5 during winter in Nanning
Objective To explore the characteristics of toxic heavy metal pollution in atmospheric PM2.5(Particulate mat-ter 2.5)during winter in Nanning City and to evaluate the health risks for the population.Methods Atmospheric PM2.5 sam-ples were continuously collected in the urban areas of Nanning from January to February 2019.The concentrations of seven tox-ic heavy metals,including cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni),mercury(Hg),and manganese(Mn)in atmospheric PM2.5were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.The pollution characteristics of toxic heavy met-als were studied by geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor methods,and their health risks to children and adults were assessed using the health risk assessment model of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The mass concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Nanning in winter 2019 was(44±29)µg/m3,which was generally at a low level.Different degrees of pollution were found for Hg,Cd,As,Cr,and Pb in PM2.5,with Hg and Cd being more seriously polluted.Hg and Cd were highly enriched in PM2.5,followed by Pb with moderate enrichment.These three elements mainly originated from man-made pollution.As,Cr and Ni were mildly enriched and affected by both natural and anthropogenic sources.The non-carcino-genic risks were in the order of As＞Pb＞Hg＞Cr＞Cd＞Mn＞Ni.The total non-carcinogenic risks for the three populations were all less than 1,which is within acceptable limits.The carcinogenic risks were ranked as Cr＞As＞Cd＞Ni,with Cr,As,and Cd posing carcinogenic risks to children and adults ranging from 1×10-6 to 1＞10-4.Moreover,the total carcinogenic risks of heavy metals(Cr,As,Cd,and Ni)were higher than 1＞10-4 for children,indicating a potential carcinogenic risk.Conclusions The mass concentration of PM2.5 and heavy metal elements in Nanning City during the winter of 2019 was relatively low,but the pollution of heavy metals still exists.The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals is within an acceptable range,but the carcinogenic risk poses a potential danger to children.
PM2.5toxic heavy metalspollution characteristicshealth risk assessmentNanning
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
