Progress in the study of tuberculosis diagnostic methods and their applied value
Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and is mainly manifested as pulmonary tuberculosis.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by high pathogenicity and drug resistance due to its high viability and lethality,and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis caused by it has become a global public health problem.Early and effective treatment is essential to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains.Commonly employed methods for the screening and diagnosis of TB include:clinical signs,imaging examinations(chest X-ray,computed tomography),sputum culture(L-J medium,BACTEC liquid culture system),and immunological tests(lipoarabinomannan antigen test,tuberculin skin test,interferon-gamma release test).In recent years,emerging molecular diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay,loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),linear probe assay,and whole-genome sequencing have been used to diagnose and characterize TB.These methods not only identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also detect mutation sites associated with resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs(isoniazid,rifampicin,etc.),providing new possibilities for the diagnosis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of some commonly used detection methods for tuberculosis are first reviewed,aiming at assisting clinicians to diagnose and treat the disease in a timely manner.Secondly,this paper explores the prospects of the latest high-throughput detection methods for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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