Investigation on the epidemic status of echinococcosis in non-endemic areas of Xinjiang from 2016 to 2020
Objective To understand the current epidemic status of echinococcosis in non-endemic areas of Xinjiang and provide a scientific basis for the local prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in non-epidemic areas of Xinjiang:Tianshan District,Shayibake District,Shule County in Kashgar Prefecture,and Hotan City in Hotan Prefecture of Urumqi City.From each surveyed county(city/district),three townships with higher numbers of reported echinococcosis cases from 2016 to 2020 were selected.Subsequently,three administrative villages with the highest number of reported echinococcosis cases were chosen as survey points from each township.A total of 9 administrative villages were investigated in each county(city/district).In the surveyed village,abdominal B-ultrasound screening was carried out for permanent residents aged three years and older,with suspected cases further tested for echinococcosis antibodies in blood using ELISA.In each survey village,at least 20 fecal samples from domestic dogs and,if present,at least 10 fecal samples from stray dogs were collected and tested for Echinococcus antigens.In the designated slaughterhouse of the surveyed townships,a random sample of 100 sheep or cattle raised in the township was selected on the spot,and their organs were examined by naked eyes,and the suspected diseased organs were detected by PCR.Results Among the four survey counties(cities/districts),6 020 people underwent ultrasound screening for echinococcosis,with 7 positive cases detected,resulting in a detection rate of 0.12%(7/6 020).The detection rates of Tianshan District,Shayibake District,Shule County,and Hotan City were 0.26%(4/1 512),0.14%(2/1 475),0(0/1 499),and 0.07%(1/1 534),respectively,all of which were cystic echinococcosis patients.A total of 1 474 dog fecal samples were detected,with an infection rate of 0.68%(10/1 474).The infection rates for domestic dogs and stray dogs were 0.84%(9/1 076)and 0.25%(1/398)respectively;there was no statistically significant difference between the two(χ2=0.74,P>0.05).A total of 2 095 livestock were surveyed,with an overall infection rate of 2.67%(56/2 095).The infection rates for sheep and cattle were 2.94%(46/1 564)and 1.88%(10/531)respectively,with a statistically significant difference between the two(χ2=6.99,P<0.01).Conclusions No human or dog infections were found in Shule County,which needs to be confirmed by in-depth epidemiological investigation and analysis of previously reported cases.Echinococcosis was found among humans,dogs,and livestock in Tianshan District,Shayibake District,and Hotan City,providing preliminary evidence of circulation history and transmission conditions of echinococcosis.It should be comprehensively considered to determine whether or not to incorporate into the epidemiologic area of echinococcosis to carry out systematic prevention and control.
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