Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenetic characterization of clustered outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Tianjin from 2020 to 2023
Objective To understand the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)cluster outbreaks in Tianjin from 2020 to 2023,and to provide a scientific basis for effectively controlling HFMD cluster outbreaks.Methods Epidemic information of Tianjin was collected through the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System"from 2020 to 2023.Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the time,regional occurrence,and serum typing of HFMD cluster outbreaks.The chi-square test was used to compare the incidence rates in epidemic sites,public and private childcare institutions.The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the time interval from onset to reporting and the outbreak scale and duration of the epidemic.Result From 2020 to 2023,1 111 HFMD clustered outbreaks were reported in Tianjin,with the highest proportion(49.24%)in 2023 and the highest proportion(47.16%)in childcare institutions.A total of 3 175 cases were involved in cluster outbreaks,with an incidence rate of 11.49%.The peak incidence was from September to October,with the incidence rates of cluster outbreaks in childcare institutions,primary schools,and secondary schools being 5.49%,3.70%,and 2.68%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of cluster outbreaks among various institutions(χ²=43.498,P<0.001).The duration of the epidemic ranged from 1 to 18 days,with a median of 3 days.The reporting time of the epidemic was positively correlated with the duration of the epidemic(r=0.609,P<0.05)and the number of cases(r=0.515,P<0.05).Coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6)caused the majority of cluster outbreaks(615 cases,76.59%),followed by Coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)(131 cases,16.31%).Conclusions HFMD outbreaks in Tianjin predominantly occurred in childcare institutions,with a high incidence of cluster outbreaks during the autumn school opening period.During this period,key places should strengthen morning and afternoon examinations,registration of absences due to illness,and early screening of cluster outbreaks to reduce the scale and duration of the epidemic.
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