Improving the Quality and Quantity of Middle-Income Group:Relative Roles of Circumstances and Individual Efforts
Improving the quantity and quality of middle-income group is the foundation for building a new development pattern and achieving common prosperity.This paper introduces the concept of vulnerability to expand the study of middle-income group from"quantity"to"quality".Drawing on the"circumstances-efforts"analysis framework,this paper analyzes the degree of constraints and specific mechanisms of opportunity inequality on the quantity and quality improvement of middle-income group.The results show that the middle-income group is currently in a stage of low-quality expansion,and individual efforts are the dominant force in improving the quantity and quality of the middle-income group.The degree of opportunity inequality is 27.1％for the quantity expansion of middle-income group.In other words,whether one can enter the middle-income group depends mainly on individual efforts.The middle-income group faces higher opportunity inequality in quality improvement compared to quantity expansion.The circumstances not only have direct impacts,but also indirectly increase the difficulty of improving the quantity and quality of middle-income group through education.From the perspective of reducing opportunity inequality,this paper proposes policy suggestions on stabilizing the stock,expanding quantity,and improving quality of middle-income group.
Quantity of Middle-Income GroupQuality of Middle-Income GroupInequality of OpportunityCommon Prosperity
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