Gender Income Gap in Urban Labor Market:An Explanation Based on Occupational Mobility
This paper explores the effects of occupational mobility on the gender income gap using the survey data from Job-Search and Social Networks(JSNET2021).Our study finds that the gender income gap in the labor market is commonly shaped by the"opportunity difference"and"return difference"of occupational mobility.Regarding opportunity differences,due to the unbalanced distribution of mobility opportunities caused by institutional segmentation and the traditional gender division of labor in families,the probability of women's cross-institutional mobility is significantly lower than that of men,which limits women's opportunities to enter the market-sector to obtain high income.Regarding return differences,the changes in income growth resulting from occupational mobility have had little effect on women,while men have derived significant benefits.This process revolves around two differentiated mechanisms.The first is the income premium mechanism,namely,intra-institutional mobility and cross-institutional mobility from state-sector to market-sector have greatly increased men's income,but have had little impact on women's earnings.The second is the income penalty mechanism,in which cross-institutional mobility from market-sector to state-sector increases men's earnings but decreases women's earnings.The gender income gap and its differentiated effects caused by occupational mobility have exacerbated gender inequality in the labor market.
Labor MarketOccupational MobilityGender Income GapOpportunity DifferenceReturn Difference
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
