数字化转型是银行在数字经济、金融科技发展和商业竞争加剧背景下的重要战略选择,全国性商业银行是我国银行业的重要力量,这些银行的科技、人员、组织等数字化转型投入巨大.这些投入能否切实提升银行经营绩效、其中的具体作用机制是什么是有待研究的关键问题.本研究基于互补机制理论,构建了数字化银行"科技-人员-组织"对绩效影响的研究框架,采用必要条件分析(Necessary Condition Analysis,NCA)与模糊集定性比较分析(Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis,fsQCA)相结合的方法,以 14 家全国性商业银行为案例,探析科技投入、科技投入在营业收入中占比、科技人员数量、科技人员数量在全体员工中占比、金融科技相关机构数量5个前因条件变量与资产收益率(Return on Assets,ROA)代表的绩效结果变量之间的因果复杂关系.研究发现:(1)通过NCA方法分析,科技人员数量构成高ROA的必要条件,其他前因条件不构成高ROA的必要条件;(2)产生高ROA的2种组态均存在高科技人员数量与高金融科技相关机构数量2个核心条件;在此基础上,第一种组态还需与科技投入总量领先组合,而第二种组态还需与科技投入在营业收入中占比、科技人员在全体员工中占比领先组合.其中,第一种组态是产生高ROA的主要路径;(3)产生非高ROA的组态有2种,2种组态与产生高ROA的2种组态总体上存在非对称关系.本研究为银行和其他相似企业组织合理配置数字化转型要素提供了理论参考和实践启示.
A Configuration Study on the Impact of Technology-Personnel-Organization in Commercial Banks on Performance under the Background of Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is an important strategic choice for banks in the context of digital economy,financial technology development and intensified commercial competition.Nationwide commercial banks are important forces in China's banking industry,and their investments in digital transformation in terms of technology,personnel and organization are huge.Whether these investments can effectively improve the banks'output of operational performance and what the specific mechanism is are key issues to be studied.Based on the theory of complementary mechanism,this work constructs a framework on the impact of"technology-personnel-organization"on performance in digital banks.Combining the methods of Necessity Condition Analysis(NCA)and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA),this study uses 14 nationwide commercial banks as cases to explore the causal complex relationships between five antecedents,namely technology investment,the proportion of technology investment in operating revenue,the number of scientific and technical personnel,the proportion of scientific and technical personnel in all employees,and the number of fintech-related institutions,and the performance outcome variable represented by Return on Assets(ROA).The results show that:(1)Through NCA analysis,the number of scientific and technical personnel constitutes a necessary condition for high ROA,and the other antecedents do not constitute the necessary condition for high ROA.(2)The two configurations that generate high ROA both have two core conditions--high number of scientific and technical personnel and high number of fintech-related institutions.On the basis of the above two core conditions,the first configuration also needs to be combined with high total investment in technology,while the second configuration needs to be combined with high proportion of technology investment in operating revenue and high proportion of scientific and technical personnel in all employees.Among them,the first configuration is the main path to generate high ROA.(3)There are two configurations that generate non-high ROA,which show an overall asymmetric relationship with the two configurations that generate high ROA.This study provides theoretical reference and practical inspiration for banks and other similar enterprises to reasonably allocate digital transformation elements.
Digital TransformationConfiguration of Technology-Personnel-OrganizationNecessary Condition Analysis(NCA)Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA)Return on Assets(ROA)
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