Abstract
The development of the heart-lung machine made repair of intracardiac lesions possible.One of the key requirements of the heart-lung machine was anticoagulation.Heparin was discovered by a medical student,Jay McLean,working in the laboratory of Dr.William Howell at Johns Hopkins.John Gibbon contributed more to the successful development of the heart-lung machine than anyone else.His interest began as a young doctor since 1930s.Gibbon's work on the heart-lung machine took place over the next 20 years in laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital,the University of Pennsylvania,and Thomas Jefferson University.In 1937,he reported the first successful demonstration that life could be maintained by an artificial heart and lung,and the native heart and lungs could resume function.After World War II,Dr.Gibbon resumed his work and received support from IBM to build a heart-lung machine on a more sophisticated scale.Eventually,the team developed a larger oxygenator that the IBM engineers incorporated into a new machine.On May 6,1953,Dr.Gibbon performed the first successful operation using an extracorporeal circuit on an 18-year-old girl with a large atrial septal defect.It wasn't until 1958,when a system that involved bubbling blood was perfected,that "heart-lung" machines came of age.Despite so many chill winds and cold rains,"heart-lung"machine,the budding rose of surgery,was eventually blossom brightly in the radiant rays of sunlight.John Gibbon's dream had become a reality.His work serves as an important example to surgeons who are struggling today with the surgical therapies and technologies of tomorrow.
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