Vitamin B3 and its metabolites are crucial for infant body growth and cellular metabolism.However,the composition of vitamin B 3in the milk of different species is not clear.In this study,the levels of four different forms of vitamin B3 in human milk,safflower cow milk,goat milk,yak milk,and juanshan milk were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The results revealed that four kinds of vitamin B3 and the metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)were detected in five kinds of raw milk,but their contents were significantly different.Breast milk primarily consisted of NMN(1 779.04 ng/mL)and NAM(1 613.58 ng/mL).The other four types of raw milk mainly contained NAM and NR as their major components;specifically goat's milk had a NAM content of 2 508.39 ng/mL(96.07％),while frizzled cow's milk had an NR content of457.89 ng/mL(45.88％).Additionally,breast milk contained significantly higher levels of NAD+at 1 726.75 ng/mL compared to other raw milks.This study aimed to determine the contents and forms of various vitamin B3 compounds present in different types of raw milks which can provide a theoretical basis for precise nutritional regulation during infant growth and development as well as determining ap-propriate amounts/formulations for vitamin B3 supplementation in formula.
raw milkvitamin B3NAD+high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
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