It is very important to ensure the quality of dairy products to improve the industrial value,and milk protein content is one of the important factors to measure the quality of dairy products,which is one of the directions that researchers pay attention to.As an essential amino acid for dairy cows,lysine needs to be obtained from feed regularly,which has a good effect on improving the body,especially on regulating the production performance of dairy cows.This paper reviewed the mechanism of lysine improving milk protein synthesis in dairy cows was summarized in this paper.From the relationship between lysine and milk performance and milk quality,and this paper introduced that lysine could improve the efficiency of protein synthesis in milk,improve the concentration of protein synthetic substrate,regulate the activity of mammary gland cells,inhibit mammary gland inflammation and regulate related signal pathways,so as to promote the application of lysine in dairy farming,improve the quality of dairy products,ensure the healthy development of dairy industry and bring more economic benefits.