The development of follicles is the basic premise to ensure the reproductive performance of cows.Follicular development Controlling comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave,selection and growth of the dominant follicle,and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte.All these follicular events,primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion,occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment.In this sense,follicular development controlling demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion.This paper discussed the physiological basis behind the timed-artificial insemination(TAI)scheme,hoping to provide reference and help to improve the reproductive efficiency of cows.