Frugal Innovation by Policy Entrepreneurs under Resource-constraint Conditions:Networks,Windows,and Shaping—A case study based on the Youth League Committee of City C
Policy innovation has always been a core issue of concern in the public sector.This paper explores how policy entrepreneurs promote frugal innovation under resource-constraint conditions by constructing a"Network-Window-Shaping"framework.Taking the frugal innovation case of the"Second Classroom Transcript"system by the Youth League Committee of City C as an example,this study reveals the behavioral details and motivational mechanisms of policy entrepreneurs during the frugal innovation process.In terms of the pathway of frugal innovation,policy entrepreneurs enhance political potential through formal or informal interactions with peers in public sectors,expert think tanks,social capital,and policy adopters,thereby advancing policy innovation through political synergy under resource constraints.Regarding the timing of frugal innovation,the ephemeral opportunity of a"Policy Window"formed by the convergence of problem,policy,and political streams encounters involution competition under the tournament system.Seizing the"Pre-Window"is an alternative optimal choice to achieve predetermined policy innovation goals.In terms of the motivation for frugal innovation,public policy is both an outcome and a cause,meaning that policy innovation requires analyzing the motivations of various actors and clearly understanding the influencing mechanisms behind policy innovation.In light of this,targeted policy recommendations are proposed:Policy entrepreneurs,in resource-constrained contexts,should prioritize frugal innovation,propelling policy development and governance processes through innovative policy design,implementation methods,and resource acquisition strategies,fully leverage the role of policy networks for effective resource consolidation,and actively guide and nurture public participation,establishing a collaborative policy environment involving multiple stakeholders.
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