Relationships among ethnic groups in China are quite different from those among nationalities in western Eurasia,Africa,or the Americas.The Chinese ethnic groups are closely related to each other,forming a strong community naturally.Tracing their origin,we all know that modern human has resided in East Asia for around 50,000 years.How those early hunter-gatherers aggregated into ethnic groups and subsequently developed the civilization is a key issue in studying the origin of the Chinese national community.Combining studies of both natural science and social science,we discovered that the modern East Asian population displays a five-division subgroup structure.In linguistics,it divides into Han,Tibeto-Burman,Altaics,Kra-Dai,and Hmong-Mien linguistic groups.In Neolithic archaeology,it divides into Hongshan,Yangshao,Longshan,Liangzhu,and Gaomiao culture contexts.In historical records,there was a consensus of ancient scholars that the Chinese nation originated from the five groups of Fuxi,Shennong,Xuanyuan,Shaohao,and Zuanxu,which was recorded as classical standard in materials such as Shangshu Zhengyi(Ancient Documents,Standards).In terms of genetics,there are five major expanded lineages of Y chromosome haplogroup,i.e.,Oα,Oβ,Oγ,C2 and O1a.According to the genetic genealogy,we can integrate the views of the above four disciplines,and reveal an origin of the Chinese national community in the admixture and development of the five early ethnic groups in the middle and late Neolithic Age.
Chinese National Communityethnic origingenetic genealogylinguistic familyNeolithic Age
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