Laozi's theory of Tao is primarily a theory on action,as evidenced by his"distinction between words and deeds."Laozi believes that actions are superior to words,and his theory of action incorporates his ideas on embodying the Tao,the Tao of Heaven,self-cultivation,and state governance.Laozi asserts that"He who speaks does not know"and"The Tao that can be spoken is not the constant Tao,"highlighting the idea that the Tao manifests through actions rather than words.The way to embody the Tao is to"walk on the road(Tao),"making action the foundation of Laozi's ideas on embodying the Tao."To have few words is to be self-so"means that the Tao is self-sufficient and does not need words.The Tao is a great transformation in movement,existing through activity that cycles over and over:"It rotates without end."Such a theory of activity shows Laozi's ideas on the Tao of Heaven."Beautiful words are not trustworthy"means that cultivating the Tao is not about beautiful words but about action.Thus,"through action people are enhanced"summarizes Laozi's ideas on self-cultivation."Many words are soon exhausted"indicates that the ruler should be silent and"enact teachings without words,"articulating Laozi's theory on state governance.The Tao of Heaven manifests in its cosmic activity,and the Tao of humanity manifests through human actions.
Laozi's theory of actionLaozi's theory of the way and its powerLaozi's theory of the way of heavenLaozi's theory of self-cultivationLaozi's theory of state governance
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