首页|真核生物mRNA应激状态下的帽-非依赖性翻译

真核生物mRNA应激状态下的帽-非依赖性翻译

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在真核生物中，mRNA翻译过程包括起始、延伸和终止。其中，翻译的起始阶段最为重要且复杂，它决定了mRNA 能否被有效翻译成蛋白质。根据翻译起始机制的不同，真核生物mRNA 翻译可以分为传统的帽-依赖性翻译和替代机制帽-非依赖性翻译。当外部环境的刺激或细胞自身的改变使细胞处于应激状态时，传统的帽-依赖性翻译被抑制或下调，替代机制帽-非依赖性翻译得以启动，以保证翻译的顺利进行。真核生物在应激状态下为了维持蛋白质合成的需求，采用多种翻译起始机制来实现帽-非依赖性翻译。其中较常见的是IRES(internal ribosome entry site)、m6A 修饰和CITE(cap-independent translation enhancer)所启动的翻译。这些机制允许核糖体在mRNA 的特殊区域内部进行启动，而不依赖于传统的m7G帽结构。通过这些机制，真核生物可以在应激状态下仍然进行蛋白质合成，以满足细胞的需要。本文在总结传统帽-依赖性翻译研究进展基础上，着重介绍IRES、m6A 和CITE 所启动的帽-非依赖性翻译，为更好地探索细胞应激状态下的翻译机制提供参考，为未来的翻译研究和应用提供更多的思路。
Cap-independent Translation of Eukaryotic mRNA under Stress State
In eukaryotes,mRNA translation includes initiation,extension,and termination.Among them,the initial stage of translation is the most important and complex,which determines whether mRNA can be effectively translated into protein.Eukaryotic mRNA can be divided into traditional cap-dependent translation and alternative cap-independent translation according to translation initiation mechanism.When the stimulation of the external environment or the changes of the cell itself make the cell in a state of stress,the traditional cap-dependent translation is inhibited or downregulated,and the alternative mechanism of cap-independent translation is activated to ensure the smooth progress of translation.In or-der to maintain the demand of protein synthesis under stress,eukaryotes employ various translation initia-tion mechanisms to achieve cap-independent translation.The more common are translations initiated by internal ribosome entry site(IRES),m6A modifications,and cap-independent translation enhancer(CITE).These mechanisms allow ribosomes to initiate within specific regions of mRNA without relying on the traditional m7G cap structure.Through these mechanisms,eukaryotes can still synthesize proteins to meet the needs of cells under stress.Based on a summary of the traditional cap-dependent translation research,this paper focuses on the cap-independent translation mechanism initiated by IRES,m6A and CITE,in order to provide references for better exploration of the translation mechanism under cellular stress,and provide more ideas for future translation research and application.

eukaryotic mRNAcap-independent translationinternal ribosome entry site(IRES)m6Acap-independent translation enhancer(CITE)

刘子昂、金焰、吴楠

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中国遗传资源保护与疾病防控教育部重点实验室(哈尔滨医科大学),哈尔滨 150081

哈尔滨医科大学医学遗传学研究室,哈尔滨 150081

真核生物mRNA 帽-非依赖性翻译 内部核糖体进入位点 N6-甲基腺苷 帽-非依赖性翻译增强子

中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目黑龙江省博士后特别项目黑龙江省自然科学基金国家自然科学基金面上项目黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目黑龙江省头雁团队项目

2020T130159LBH-TZ2020YQ2022H00482172353CZKYF2021-2-B0122020T130159

2024

10.13865/j.cnki.cjbmb.2023.09.1192

中国生物化学与分子生物学报
中国生物化学与分子生物学会 北京大学

中国生物化学与分子生物学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.617
ISSN：1007-7626
年,卷(期)：2024.40(1)
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