Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 and Its Inhibitors with Related Diseases
Glucose is the most important biological energy donor,is the source of energy and metabolism of living cells,and plays an important role in cell signaling.Abnormal glucose metabolism is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus,retinopathy,Alzheimer's disease,and cardiovascular diseases.Sodi-um-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)is one of the transporters involved in the maintenance of glucose ho-meostasis.It mediates the reabsorption of glucose by the kidney and plays an important role in maintai-ning the stability of plasma glucose.Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)can reduce the reabsorption of glucose in the kidney and have a positive impact on blood glucose,blood pressure,body weight,etc.This paper summarizes the current research progress of SGLT2 and its inhibitors,the struc-ture and key sites of SGLT2 and the mechanism of SGLT2i.In particular,in recent years,it is found that the protective effect of SGLT2i on kidney and cardiovascular is more obvious,and it can also resist the occurrence and development of tumor cells.Finally,this paper summarises and discusses the current bot-tlenecks in research related to SGLT2i and provides new ideas for future structure-based drug optimisation of inhibitors.
glucose metabolismsodium-glucose cotransporter 2(SGLT2)sodium-glucose cotransport-er 2 inhibitor(SGLT2i)cardiovascular and kidneycancer
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