Exercise:A Bi-Directional Means of Modulating Autophagy Abnormalities in Diseases
Autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved cellular degradation process that accomplishes the basic turnover of cellular components and provides energy and macromolecular precursors to maintain an organism's metabolism and homeostasis.In recent years,dysregulation of cellular autophagy levels has been found to be closely associated with the onset and progression of a variety of diseases,which has been validated in a variety of animal models.Excessive or insufficient autophagy levels can lead to diseases.Exercise is closely related to energy metabolism and changes in the intracellular environment and to the process of cellular autophagy.Regulating autophagy by exercise is a bidirectional process.For diseases caused by insufficient or excessive autophagy,exercise can restore its normal autophagy function and play a role in improving and delaying disease progression.At present,there is insufficient elaboration on the theory and mechanism,by which exercise regulates abnormal autophagy levels in disease.In-depth exploration and discussion of the regulation of abnormal autophagy levels in diseases by exercise will help us broaden our horizons for a more comprehensive understanding of the potential mechanisms and roles of exercise in preventing and ameliorating various autophagy-related diseases.Here we review the improvement of excessive or insufficient autophagy levels in diseases by exercise and the mitigating effects of exercise on diseases,aiming to sorting out the reciprocal regulation relationship between exercise and autophagy,and further refining and summarizing the relevant signaling pathways involved in the regulation of abnormal autophagy levels by exercise.We will provide a theoretical basis and reference for exploring the mechanism of exercise for health promotion and clarifying the relationship between exercise and autophagy regulation.
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