The Gene Editing Technology and Their Application in Glycobiology
The elucidation of gene functions is a fundamental task in modem biological research,the precisive,efficient,and targeted editing of genes is an indispensable tool for their functional dissection.Over the past 30 years,gene editing has experienced the transformation from homologous recombination repair-based technology to programable nuclease-based method,such as zinc-finger nucleases,transcription activator-like effector nucleases,and CRISPR-associated nucleases.The development of these technologies has greatly advanced the investigation of gene functions and led to the emergence of disruptive technologies for disease treatment.In this manuscript,we first introduced the classification,composition,and working principle of CRISPR-Cas for the immune defense in bacteria.We subsequently focus on the state-of-the-art gene editing tools based on the CRISPR-Cas system including the CRISPRi/CRISPRa,base editors,precursor editors,and the RNA-targeted RCas editing system.We then review the strategies for the delivery of gene editors to the desired target cells/organs,we mainly discuss the pros and cons of adeno-associated viruses,lipid nanoparticles,and extracellular vesicles.Finally,we review the applications of gene editing technologies in glycobiology research,including the function,biosynthesis,and underlying mechanism for the carbohydrates,glycoproteomic analysis,the construction and application of cellular glycan array,and the protein glycoengineering.In conclusion,the development of the precise gene editing technology has significantly promoted the research on the biosynthesis,structure,and function of carbohydrates,which has also advanced the translational aspect of glycoscience research.
gene editingglycobiologyextracellular vesiclesclustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins(CRISPR-Cas)
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NSTL
万方数据
维普
