糖药物在疾病治疗中的应用
The Application of Carbohydrate Drugs in Disease Treatment
薛浩宇 1金洪真 1赵炜1
作者信息
- 1. 南开大学药学院药物化学系,天津 300381
- 折叠
摘要
糖参与了细胞识别、细菌感染、信号转导和免疫应答等许多生命过程,由于其相关的生物学作用,天然存在的糖及其衍生物已被广泛研究.糖也是药物开发的重要先导物,与糖相关的药物在多种疾病如抗感染、抗癌和心血管疾病中表现出很好的治疗性,核糖和脱氧核糖是构成核苷药物的主要支架,小分子核苷类似物能够抑制病毒在受感染细胞中的复制来预防或治疗病毒感染;含糖结构的大环内酯抗生素和氨基糖苷类抗生素,分别作用于细菌核糖体的50S亚基和30S亚基来阻止细菌蛋白质的合成,从而杀死细菌;肝素作为一种高度硫酸化的糖胺聚糖,能够与抗凝血酶Ⅲ结合,增强抗凝血酶Ⅲ与凝血酶的亲和力,使凝血酶失活达到抗凝血效果;拟糖类药物可以和糖苷酶结合来阻止低聚糖水解,从而控制血糖水平;糖疫苗对于癌症的治疗有着不可或缺的作用等,糖药物几乎涉及了所有疾病领域.此外,糖化学的迅速发展,不断提高了科学家们对糖的认识,糖越来越多的被药物化学家们用于新药设计.本文从含糖结构的药物出发,对糖药物在各类疾病中的应用进行简要综述.
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in various life processes such as cell recognition,bacterial infection,signal transduction,and immune response.Due to their associated biological effects,the naturally existing carbohydrates and their derivatives have been extensively studied.Carbohydrates are also important lead for drug development,carbohydrate-based drugs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of various diseases such as infection,cancer,and cardiovascular disease.Ribose and deoxyribose are the primary scaffolds for nucleoside drugs,which can inhibit viral replication and serve as treatments for viral infections.Carbohydrates-containing macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotics target the 50S subunit and 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes respectively,to hinder protein synthesis and eliminate bacteria.Heparin,a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,acts as an anticoagulant by binding to antithrombin Ⅲ and inactivating thrombin.Pseudo-saccharide can bind to glycosidase to prevent oligosaccharide hydrolysis,thereby controlling blood sugar levels.Additionally,sugar vaccines are crucial in cancer treatment,highlighting the broad applications of sugar drugs across various diseases.Furthermore,the rapid development of glycochemistry has deepened scientists'understanding of carbohydrates,and medicinal chemists increasingly apply this knowledge to the design of new drugs.This review provides a brief overview of the application of carbohydrate-containing drugs in various disease.
关键词
碳水化合物/糖药物/疾病治疗Key words
carbohydrate/carbohydrate-containing drugs/disease treatment引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(22377060)
国家自然科学基金(22077068)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(22377060)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(22077068)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项()
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据