The Application of Carbohydrate Drugs in Disease Treatment
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in various life processes such as cell recognition,bacterial infection,signal transduction,and immune response.Due to their associated biological effects,the naturally existing carbohydrates and their derivatives have been extensively studied.Carbohydrates are also important lead for drug development,carbohydrate-based drugs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of various diseases such as infection,cancer,and cardiovascular disease.Ribose and deoxyribose are the primary scaffolds for nucleoside drugs,which can inhibit viral replication and serve as treatments for viral infections.Carbohydrates-containing macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotics target the 50S subunit and 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes respectively,to hinder protein synthesis and eliminate bacteria.Heparin,a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan,acts as an anticoagulant by binding to antithrombin Ⅲ and inactivating thrombin.Pseudo-saccharide can bind to glycosidase to prevent oligosaccharide hydrolysis,thereby controlling blood sugar levels.Additionally,sugar vaccines are crucial in cancer treatment,highlighting the broad applications of sugar drugs across various diseases.Furthermore,the rapid development of glycochemistry has deepened scientists'understanding of carbohydrates,and medicinal chemists increasingly apply this knowledge to the design of new drugs.This review provides a brief overview of the application of carbohydrate-containing drugs in various disease.
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