伴随经济的快速发展和人类生活水平的提高，肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝等各种代谢功能紊乱疾病已成为我国重要的公共卫生问题。产热脂肪细胞含有丰富的线粒体以及解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein 1，UCP1)，可通过消耗甘油三酯和葡萄糖并以非颤抖性产热的方式来维持哺乳动物核心体温，鉴于产热过程增加体内能量消耗，因此，激活产热脂肪成为防治糖脂代谢紊乱性疾病的重要研究方向。线粒体作为产热脂肪细胞中功能高度保守的细胞器，在产热激活和失活过程中出现代谢适应性的改变以响应产热能力的变化，而产热脂肪细胞中线粒体代谢适应的失调则可能造成产热能力损伤，甚至全身代谢紊乱。本文概述了近年来报道的产热脂肪细胞线粒体多方面的灵活重塑，包括线粒体动力学变化、磷脂和嵴的重塑以及线粒体活性氧水平和氧化应激等方面，全面地总结了相关的调控因子，最后对脂肪细胞产热能力的维持提供了深入的见解，展望了未来有关产热脂肪细胞线粒体的研究方向，以期为开发靶向新药以激活脂肪产热来对抗代谢性疾病提供理论参考。
Regulation of Mitochondrial Metabolic Adaptation in Thermogenic Adipocytes
With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of human living standard,vari-ous metabolic disorders such as obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have become important public health problems in China.Thermogenic adipocytes are rich in mitochondria and uncoupling protein 1(UCP1),which maintain mammalian core body temperature through the consump-tion of triglycerides and glucose and non-shivering thermogenesis.Since activated thermogenic adipocytes are believed to possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetes potential,they have attracted considerable research interests.Mitochondria,as highly functionally conserved organelles in thermogenic adipocytes,respond to alterations in thermogenic capacity through metabolic adaptation in the process of thermogenic activa-tion or inactivation.However,the dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolic adaptation in thermogenic adi-pocytes may result in thermogenic defects and even systemic metabolic disorders.Here,we summarize the recent progress in mitochondrial remodeling in thermogenic adipocytes,including mitochondrial dy-namics,phospholipid and cristae remodeling,and regulation of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative stress.The relevant regulatory factors are summarized,which will provide new insights into how mitochondria maintain thermogenic capacity in thermogenic adipocytes,aiming to help the development of pharmaceuti-cal drugs to activate adaptive thermogenesis for fighting against metabolic diseases.
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