Chlorogenic Acid Modulates Macrophages to Ameliorate Inflammatory Diseases
Macrophages,which display remarkable specificity and plasticity,are the first-line immune cells for inflammation.After activation,they polarise into pro-inflammatory type M1 and anti-inflammato-ry type M2,with M1 producing pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 and M2 producing anti-inflammatory factors.In the inflammatory state,the ratio of pro-inflammatory factors to anti-inflammatory factors is imbalanced,and its long-term existence will lead to tissue damage and the development of in-flammatory diseases,which seriously endanger human health.Currently,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants are mostly used for the treatment of this type of disease,but patients are prone to drug resistance and other side effects.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find a new direction for treatment.Chlorogenic acid,as a typical natural phenolic compound with high content in many plants such as Eucommia,Flos Lonicerae,Coffea species,etc.,has significant anti-inflammatory activities.This article comprehensively examines the distribution and metabolism of chlorogenic acid,elucidates its role in regulating the M1/M2 macrophage imbalance,and highlights its potential therapeutic value in in-flammatory diseases such as enteritis,hepatitis,pneumonia,arthritis,and neuroinflammation.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of its clinical significance and provide novel insights for the multi-targeted treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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