Study on Water Intake of Preschool Children in Different Urban and Rural and Regional Areas
[Objective]To analyze the daily water intake of preschool children in different urban,rural and regional areas in China.[Method]Using a multi-stage random sampling method,from September 2018 to February 2019,totally 676 children were enrolled in maternal and child health care institutions across 6 regions and 13 provinces and cities nationwide. We conducted face-to-face interviews where investigators guided the children's parents to fill out a dietary diary using an iPad. This was supplemented by the online dietary measurement tool 'Food Atlas' to record and assess all intake of beverages and food over 4 days. The daily water intake was calculated based on the 'Chinese Food Composition Table (6th Edition)'.[Result]The total water intake (TWI),as well as the water from beverages and foods,was higher in urban children than in rural areas (1282 mL/d>1118 mL/d,694 mL/d>613 mL/d,557 mL/d>467 mL/d,respectively)(P<0.05). The TWI,water from beverages and foods was highest in North China and lowest in the Northeast China,with significant differences found among regional areas(P<0.05). The water intake and proportion from milk and dairy products,dishes,soups,and snacks in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas. Conversely,the intake and proportion of water from plain water,staple foods,and porridge were significantly lower. Differences between urban and rural areas were significant(P<0.05). With the exception of the proportion of other beverages,there were significant differences in the intake and proportion of water from different types of beverages and foods across different regions(P<0.05). Only 19.4％ of children reached the adequate intake of TWI. The proportion was greater in urban than in rural areas (23.5％>13.1％). North China had the highest proportion (45.3％),while Northeast China had the lowest (2.2％). Both differences between urban and rural areas and across different regions were significant(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The water consumption status among preschool children in China is insufficient,with evident disparities between urban and rural and regional areas. When revising adequate water intake,it is necessary to take a comprehensive view and implement targeted education on water consumption for children to cultivate correct water-drinking behavior.
water intakepreschool childrenurban and rural arearegional areawater from beverageswater from foods
万方数据
维普
