目的:调查分析天津市和平区中小学生膳食结构和营养状况。方法:2019—2022年收集天津市和平区806例中小学生为研究对象，采用调查问卷收集中小学生一般情况，采用3天24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食调查，采用标准方法测量身高、体重，计算体质指数(body mass index，BMI)。分析中小学生膳食结构、营养状况，以及营养状况与相关因素的关系、营养状况与膳食结构的关系。结果:天津市和平区中小学生大多膳食摄入量在推荐范围内，但薯类、蔬菜类、水产品、奶及奶制品摄入量偏低，而畜禽肉、盐、油的摄入量偏高。消瘦共52例(6。45％)、超重142例(17。62％)、肥胖123例(15。26％)。对相关影响因素进一步探讨发现，消瘦在女生、小学生及缺乏体育锻炼的学生中发生率高;超重、肥胖在男生、小学、11～13岁及14～17岁、母亲文化程度在高中/职高及以下、缺乏体育锻炼的学生中发生率高。消瘦中小学生谷类、薯类、蔬菜、畜禽肉、奶及奶制品及油摄入量显著低于体重适宜组(P<0。05);超重、肥胖中小学生谷类、畜禽肉、油摄入量显著高于体重适宜组(P<0。05)，而薯类、蔬菜摄入量显著低于体重适宜组(P<0。05)。结论:天津市和平区中小学生膳食结构尚存在不合理之处，且营养状况不理想，应加强学生家长、学校、学生的营养知识、营养观念及营养行为学习和养成。
Survey on Dietary Structure and Analysis of Nutritional Status of Primary and Secondary School Students in Heping District of Tianjin City in China
[Objective]Survey and analysis of dietary structure and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Heping district of Tianjin city in China.[Method]From 2019 to 2022,806 cases of primary and secondary school students in Heping district of Tianjin city were collected as the study object,and questionnaires were used to collect the general conditions of primary and secondary school students,dietary surveys were conducted by using the 3-day 24-hour dietary review method,and the standard method was used to measure the height and weight,and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The dietary structure and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students were analysed,as well as the relationship between nutritional status and related factors,and the relationship between nutritional status and dietary structure.[Result]Most of the dietary intake of primary and secondary school students in Heping district of Tianjin city was within the recom-mended range,but the intake of potatoes,vegetables,aquatic products,milk and milk products was low,while the intake of animal and poultry meat,salt and oil was high. There were a total of 52 cases (6.45％) of underweight,142 cases (17.62％) of overweight and 123 cases (15.26％) of obesity. Further exploration of the relevant influencing factors revealed that the prevalence of underweight was high among female students,primary school students and students who lacked physical exercise. Overweight and obesity were high among male students,primary school,11—13 years old and 14—17 years old,with mothers' education level of senior high school/vocational high school and below,and students who lacked physical exercise. The intake of cereals,potatoes,vegetables,animal and poultry meat,milk and milk products and oil among underweight primary and secondary school students was significantly lower than that of the weight-appropriate group (P<0.05). The intake of cereals,animal and poultry meat and oil among overweight and obese primary and secondary school students was significantly higher than that of the weight-appropriate group (P<0.05),while the intake of potatoes and vegetables was significantly lower than that of the weight-appropriate group (P<0.05).[Conclusion]The dietary structure of primary and secondary school students in Heping district of Tianjin city is still irrational and the nutritional status is unsatisfactory,so the nutritional knowledge,nutritional concepts and nutritional behaviours of parents,schools and students should be strengthened to learn and develop.
Heping district of Tianjin cityprimary and secondary school studentdietary structurenutritional statusoverweight/obesity
万方数据
维普
