Research Advances on Chemical Constituents, Bioactivities and Clinical Application of Medicinal Plants in Orobanche
Orobanche is the largest genus in Orobanchaceae,and its many plants have been used as medicinal plants,with the effects of kidney-tonifying and strengthening human health.The secondary metabolites of this genus plants are abundant,including phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs),lignans and terpenoids.Among them,PhGs are the main active substance,which is widely distributed in Orobanche.It is a kind of natural water soluble glycoside containing ester bond and oxygen glycosidic bond which are formed after phenethyl alcohol directly links with glucose aglycone.24 PhGs have been isolated from Orobanche plants,mainly with the following structural characteristics:the glucose commonly links directly with the aglycone;the sugar moiety of disaccharide glycosides consists of glucose and rhamnose,with a glucose (3→ 1) rhamnose linkage;when the PhGs are to be a trisaccharide glycoside,an additional glucose or xylose usually appears at C6 position of the center glucose;and in its position of C4 or C6,coumaroyl or caffeoyl is usually located.Based on the above structures,PhGs have a widely scope and remarkable pharmacological activities.Modem pharmacological research also shows that,the plants of this genus have many effects such as antioxidant,antibacterial,enhancing immunity and male hormone action;consequently,they are widely used for kidney deficiency,infantile diarrhea,enteritis,diarrhea and other diseases in clinical application.This paper would summarize the research advances in chemical constituents,bioactivities and clinical application of Orobanche,and provide the reference for the further investigation and development of Orobanche.
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