经典名方中瓦楞子的本草考证
Herbal Textual Research on Arcae Concha in Famous Classical Formulas
张艺勤 1庄怡雪 2陆一南 2陈艳柠 2陈懿冲 2徐水宇 2詹志来 3杨成梓2
作者信息
- 1. 福州大学 附属省立医院(福建省立医院),福州 350001
- 2. 福建中医药大学药学院,福州 350122
- 3. 中国中医科学院中药资源中心,道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京 100700
- 折叠
摘要
通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,对瓦楞子名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制与功能主治等进行系统梳理与考证,以期为含瓦楞子经典名方的开发提供依据.瓦楞子入药以"蚶"之名首载于《本草拾遗》,后世本草因明代李时珍错将"蚶"条与"魁蛤"合并的影响,出现魁陆、伏老等别称,明代《医宗必读》始将"瓦楞子"作为其正名收录并沿用至今.历代本草中所载对瓦楞子药材的文字描述及附图特征基本与现代魁蚶Arca inflata、毛蚶A.subcrenata、泥蚶A.granosa相符.古代有壳与肉2个部位的药用记载,现瓦楞子以壳入药,其肉多为食用.古代以浙江、山东及两广地区为主产区,且以浙江所产为佳.现认为魁蛤A.inflata多分布于黄海北部,泥蚶A.granosa多分布于我国山东半岛以南沿海地区,毛蚶A.subcrenata广泛分布于我国各沿海地区,其品质以个完整,内色白、无残肉及砂土者为佳.古代无明确采收期,炮制以煅后醋淬或煅壳研粉为主,现采收期为秋冬季节,采收后直接洗净碾碎生用或明煅法炮制后入药.历代本草对瓦楞子壳性味的记载以"温,甘,咸,性平"为主,现认为瓦楞子味咸,性平.古代认为瓦楞子主治"心腹冷气,腰脊冷气,利五脏,健胃,令人能食",现今多认为瓦楞子能消痰化瘀,软坚散结,制酸止痛,可用于顽痰胶结,黏稠难咯,瘿瘤,瘰疬,癥癖痞块,胃痛泛酸等征.建议经典名方中涉及瓦楞子的,按经典名方中药物炮制要求选取相应的炮制方法,未注明炮制要求的可依据产品功能定位来确定.
Abstract
In this paper,the name,origin,producing area,harvesting,processing and functional indications of Arcae Concha were systematically combed and verified by consulting the ancient and modern literature,in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha.Arcae Concha was first recorded in the name of Han in Bencao Shiyi,but later,due to the influence of LI Shizhen's error of combining Han item with Kuiha in the Ming dynasty,there were aliases such as Kuilu and Fulao,and Yizong Bidu began to include Walengzi as its correct name and has been used ever since.The textual descriptions and illustrations of the medicinal materials of Arcae Concha contained in the materia medica of the past generations were consistent with the modern Arca inflata,A.subcrenata and A.granosa.In ancient times,there were medicinal records of two parts of shell and meat,but now the shell is used as medicine,and the meat is mostly edible.In ancient times,Zhejiang,Shandong,Guangdong and Guangxi were the main producing areas,and Zhejiang was the best.It is now believed that A.inflata is mostly distributed in the northern part of the Huanghai Sea,A.granosa is mostly distributed in the coastal areas south of Shandong Peninsula in China,and A.subcrenata is widely distributed in the coastal areas of China.Its quality is better in a complete,white,no residual meat and sand.In ancient times,there was no clear harvesting period,and the processing was mainly based on vinegar quenching after calcination or powdering of calcined shell,but now the harvesting period is autumn and winter.After harvesting,it is directly washed and crushed for raw use or processed by calcined method.The records of the medicinal materials in the past dynasties on the properties of Arcae Concha were mainly warm,sweet,salty and mild,and it is now believed that Arcae Concha is salty in taste and mild in nature.In ancient times,it was believed that Arcae Concha were mainly used for coldness in the heart and abdomen,coldness in the waist and spine,benefiting the five internal organs,strengthening the stomach.Nowadays,it is believed that Arcae Concha can eliminate phlegm and remove blood stasis,soften the hardness and dissipate the lumps,produce acid and relieve pain.It can be used in the treatment of stubborn phlegm,gall tumor,scrofula and other symptoms.In conclusion,it is suggested that for the famous classical formulas containing Arcae Concha,the corresponding methods should be selected according to the processing requirements of the drug in the formulas,while those without processing requirements can be determined according to the functional position of the products.
关键词
经典名方/瓦楞子/本草考证/基原/产地/品质评价/中药炮制Key words
famous classical formulas/Arcae Concha/herbal textual research/origin/producing area/quality evaluation/processing of traditional Chinese medicine引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据